Special Education Legislation
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?

  • To establish separate schools for students with disabilities
  • To provide a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment (correct)
  • To provide financial support for students with disabilities
  • To diagnose and treat disabilities in students

    • What is the main purpose of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act?

  • To establish special education programs for students with disabilities
  • To promote inclusive education practices
  • To provide accommodations for students with disabilities in general education (correct)
  • To provide funding for educational research on disabilities

    • What is the focus of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act?

  • To provide funding for special education programs
  • To establish separate schools for students with disabilities
  • To improve academic achievement for all students, including those with disabilities (correct)
  • To promote inclusive education practices for students with disabilities

    • What is the role of occupational therapists in schools under IDEA 2004?

    <p>To provide direct therapy services to students with disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of integrated service delivery in schools?

    <p>To support inclusion of students with disabilities in general education settings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do occupational therapists contribute to inclusive models of practice?

    <p>By providing consultation services to teachers and general education staff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of occupational therapists under the Response to Intervention (RtI) model?

    <p>To provide consultation services to teachers and general education staff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of occupational therapy's role in promoting school mental health?

    <p>To support prevention-based, multi-tiered models of practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the No Child Left Behind Act?

    <p>To increase K-12 academic achievement, with an emphasis on disadvantaged students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 'Adequate Yearly Progress' (AYP) in the No Child Left Behind Act?

    <p>It requires schools to demonstrate significant academic improvement each year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the 'Reading First' initiative in the No Child Left Behind Act?

    <p>Emphasizing reading skills for young students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 'highly qualified teachers' in the No Child Left Behind Act?

    <p>Teachers who use evidence-based practices in their instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an implication of the No Child Left Behind Act for occupational therapists (OTs)?

    <p>OTs play an expanded role in assessment and accommodations for students with disabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the No Child Left Behind Act and the Every Student Succeeds Act?

    <p>The Every Student Succeeds Act gives more autonomy to Local Education Agencies (LEAs), while the No Child Left Behind Act has more federal oversight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an implication of the Every Student Succeeds Act for occupational therapists (OTs)?

    <p>OTs participate in consultation for academic achievement and professional development training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 'Specialized Instructional Support Personnel' (SISP) in the Every Student Succeeds Act?

    <p>It refers to support personnel, such as OTs, who provide specialized instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main location of sensory integrative problems involving the vestibular system?

    <p>Vestibular nuclei and its connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following researchers developed the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT)?

    <p>Ayres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to one model, what are the two primary types of sensory integrative problems?

    <p>Poor sensory modulation and poor praxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the model that considers the potential roles of neural processes in generating temperament-like patterns of responsiveness?

    <p>Quadrant model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS) in sensory integration?

    <p>Integrating sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of sensory integrative problem?

    <p>Cognitive processing disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the range of responsiveness from hyporeactivity to hyperreactivity?

    <p>Sensory reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many types of sensory integrative problems does the model by Miller et al. (2007) suggest?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of occupational therapists (OTs) in schools?

    <p>To collaborate with school personnel and parents to develop prevention strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the caseload model and the workload model in occupational therapy?

    <p>The caseload model focuses on the number of children seen by OTs, while the workload model focuses on work activities performed by OTs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the three tiers in occupational therapy in schools?

    <p>They represent the different roles of OTs in schools, including school-wide services, targeted interventions, and individualized interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can a child with ADHD receive occupational therapy services in school if they are not eligible for special education?

    <p>Yes, they can receive OT services if needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of standardized tests?

    <p>They have a uniform procedure for administration and scoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the alignment of special and general education services due to IDEA 2004 and NCLB?

    <p>Opportunities for OTs to expand their role in prevention and early intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the chapter in terms of sensory integration differences?

    <p>Four general categories of sensory integration differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the tendency to generate responses that are appropriately graded in relation to incoming sensory stimuli?

    <p>Sensory modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sensory reactivity also known as?

    <p>Sensory responsivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for over- or under-responding to sensory stimuli?

    <p>Hyper- or hypo-reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of analyzing sensory-seeking behavior in children?

    <p>To understand why the behavior may be occurring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) relevant to?

    <p>Autism spectrum disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between sensory reactivity and sensory integration problems?

    <p>Sensory reactivity is a type of sensory integration problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the four categories of sensory integration problems?

    <p>They provide a framework for understanding sensory integration problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Major Legislation Affecting Special and General Education

    • The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a major legislation that affects special and general education.
    • Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973) is another important legislation that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities.
    • No Child Left Behind (NCLB) (2002) is a federal law that aims to increase K-12 academic achievement, with an emphasis on disadvantaged students.

    Impact of Major Legislation on the Role of Occupational Therapists

    • IDEA has been amended over the past three decades to provide more support for students with disabilities.
    • Part B of IDEA provides for free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment (FAPE) for students with disabilities.
    • The occupational-therapy process under Part B of IDEA includes referral, evaluation, individual education program (IEP), and service provision.
    • Integrated service delivery supports the inclusion of students with disabilities, and occupational-therapy consultation contributes to inclusive models of practice.

    Roles of Occupational Therapists under IDEA 2004 and NCLB

    • Occupational therapists play a role in serving students in general and special education through early intervention services (EIS) and response to intervention (RtI).
    • Occupational therapy contributes to the promotion of school mental health within a prevention-based multi-tiered model.

    No Child Left Behind (NCLB)

    • NCLB aims to increase K-12 academic achievement, with an emphasis on disadvantaged students.
    • Schools must demonstrate adequate yearly progress (AYP), and parents have the option to choose another school if their child is in an underachieving school.
    • NCLB emphasizes the use of "proven educational methods" and "highly qualified teachers."

    Implications for Occupational Therapists

    • NCLB has led to increased attention to evidence-based practice and accountability for occupational therapists.
    • Occupational therapists play a role in assessment for and use of classroom modifications and accommodations for students with disabilities.
    • Occupational therapists need to be more aware of student's academic requirements and can help the team determine what testing accommodations are needed.

    Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)

    • ESSA replaced NCLB and allows local educational agencies (LEAs) to establish their own accountability goals and monitoring systems.
    • ESSA emphasizes the role of Specialized Instructional Support Personnel (SISP), including occupational therapists.

    Implications for Occupational Therapists

    • Occupational therapists need to envision, articulate, and advocate for their role within each of the three tiers of support.
    • Occupational therapists play a role in consultation for academic achievement, participation in school-wide systems of support, and professional development training.

    Use of Standardized Tests

    • Standardized tests have a uniform procedure for administration and scoring.
    • Examples of standardized tests include the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT) and the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT).

    Research Base for Sensory Integrative Problems

    • Research has been conducted to develop the SCSIT and SIPT, and to study the neural processes involved in sensory integration.
    • Factors and clusters have been replicated in more recent studies.

    Sensory Integrative Problems

    • Four general categories of sensory integration differences are discussed, including sensory reactivity, sensory discrimination and perception, vestibular-bilateral functions, and praxis.
    • Sensory-seeking behavior is often seen in conjunction with each of these categories of sensory integration problems.

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    Description

    Quiz on major legislation affecting special and general education, including IDEA, Section 504, and NCLB, for students with and without disabilities.

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