38 Questions
What is the primary goal of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)?
To provide a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment
What is the main purpose of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act?
To provide accommodations for students with disabilities in general education
What is the focus of the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act?
To improve academic achievement for all students, including those with disabilities
What is the role of occupational therapists in schools under IDEA 2004?
To provide direct therapy services to students with disabilities
What is the purpose of integrated service delivery in schools?
To support inclusion of students with disabilities in general education settings
How do occupational therapists contribute to inclusive models of practice?
By providing consultation services to teachers and general education staff
What is the role of occupational therapists under the Response to Intervention (RtI) model?
To provide consultation services to teachers and general education staff
What is the focus of occupational therapy's role in promoting school mental health?
To support prevention-based, multi-tiered models of practice
What is the primary goal of the No Child Left Behind Act?
To increase K-12 academic achievement, with an emphasis on disadvantaged students
What is the significance of 'Adequate Yearly Progress' (AYP) in the No Child Left Behind Act?
It requires schools to demonstrate significant academic improvement each year
What is the focus of the 'Reading First' initiative in the No Child Left Behind Act?
Emphasizing reading skills for young students
What is the significance of 'highly qualified teachers' in the No Child Left Behind Act?
Teachers who use evidence-based practices in their instruction
What is an implication of the No Child Left Behind Act for occupational therapists (OTs)?
OTs play an expanded role in assessment and accommodations for students with disabilities
What is the main difference between the No Child Left Behind Act and the Every Student Succeeds Act?
The Every Student Succeeds Act gives more autonomy to Local Education Agencies (LEAs), while the No Child Left Behind Act has more federal oversight
What is an implication of the Every Student Succeeds Act for occupational therapists (OTs)?
OTs participate in consultation for academic achievement and professional development training
What is the significance of 'Specialized Instructional Support Personnel' (SISP) in the Every Student Succeeds Act?
It refers to support personnel, such as OTs, who provide specialized instruction
What is the main location of sensory integrative problems involving the vestibular system?
Vestibular nuclei and its connections
Which of the following researchers developed the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT)?
Ayres
According to one model, what are the two primary types of sensory integrative problems?
Poor sensory modulation and poor praxis
What is the name of the model that considers the potential roles of neural processes in generating temperament-like patterns of responsiveness?
Quadrant model
What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS) in sensory integration?
Integrating sensory information
Which of the following is NOT a type of sensory integrative problem?
Cognitive processing disorder
What is the term for the range of responsiveness from hyporeactivity to hyperreactivity?
Sensory reactivity
How many types of sensory integrative problems does the model by Miller et al. (2007) suggest?
3
What is the primary goal of occupational therapists (OTs) in schools?
To collaborate with school personnel and parents to develop prevention strategies
What is the difference between the caseload model and the workload model in occupational therapy?
The caseload model focuses on the number of children seen by OTs, while the workload model focuses on work activities performed by OTs
What is the significance of the three tiers in occupational therapy in schools?
They represent the different roles of OTs in schools, including school-wide services, targeted interventions, and individualized interventions
Can a child with ADHD receive occupational therapy services in school if they are not eligible for special education?
Yes, they can receive OT services if needed
What is the main characteristic of standardized tests?
They have a uniform procedure for administration and scoring
What is the result of the alignment of special and general education services due to IDEA 2004 and NCLB?
Opportunities for OTs to expand their role in prevention and early intervention
What is the primary focus of the chapter in terms of sensory integration differences?
Four general categories of sensory integration differences
What term is used to describe the tendency to generate responses that are appropriately graded in relation to incoming sensory stimuli?
Sensory modulation
What is sensory reactivity also known as?
Sensory responsivity
What is the term for over- or under-responding to sensory stimuli?
Hyper- or hypo-reactivity
What is the purpose of analyzing sensory-seeking behavior in children?
To understand why the behavior may be occurring
What is the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) relevant to?
Autism spectrum disorder
What is the relationship between sensory reactivity and sensory integration problems?
Sensory reactivity is a type of sensory integration problem
What is the significance of the four categories of sensory integration problems?
They provide a framework for understanding sensory integration problems
Study Notes
Major Legislation Affecting Special and General Education
- The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is a major legislation that affects special and general education.
- Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (1973) is another important legislation that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities.
- No Child Left Behind (NCLB) (2002) is a federal law that aims to increase K-12 academic achievement, with an emphasis on disadvantaged students.
Impact of Major Legislation on the Role of Occupational Therapists
- IDEA has been amended over the past three decades to provide more support for students with disabilities.
- Part B of IDEA provides for free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment (FAPE) for students with disabilities.
- The occupational-therapy process under Part B of IDEA includes referral, evaluation, individual education program (IEP), and service provision.
- Integrated service delivery supports the inclusion of students with disabilities, and occupational-therapy consultation contributes to inclusive models of practice.
Roles of Occupational Therapists under IDEA 2004 and NCLB
- Occupational therapists play a role in serving students in general and special education through early intervention services (EIS) and response to intervention (RtI).
- Occupational therapy contributes to the promotion of school mental health within a prevention-based multi-tiered model.
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
- NCLB aims to increase K-12 academic achievement, with an emphasis on disadvantaged students.
- Schools must demonstrate adequate yearly progress (AYP), and parents have the option to choose another school if their child is in an underachieving school.
- NCLB emphasizes the use of "proven educational methods" and "highly qualified teachers."
Implications for Occupational Therapists
- NCLB has led to increased attention to evidence-based practice and accountability for occupational therapists.
- Occupational therapists play a role in assessment for and use of classroom modifications and accommodations for students with disabilities.
- Occupational therapists need to be more aware of student's academic requirements and can help the team determine what testing accommodations are needed.
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA)
- ESSA replaced NCLB and allows local educational agencies (LEAs) to establish their own accountability goals and monitoring systems.
- ESSA emphasizes the role of Specialized Instructional Support Personnel (SISP), including occupational therapists.
Implications for Occupational Therapists
- Occupational therapists need to envision, articulate, and advocate for their role within each of the three tiers of support.
- Occupational therapists play a role in consultation for academic achievement, participation in school-wide systems of support, and professional development training.
Use of Standardized Tests
- Standardized tests have a uniform procedure for administration and scoring.
- Examples of standardized tests include the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests (SCSIT) and the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT).
Research Base for Sensory Integrative Problems
- Research has been conducted to develop the SCSIT and SIPT, and to study the neural processes involved in sensory integration.
- Factors and clusters have been replicated in more recent studies.
Sensory Integrative Problems
- Four general categories of sensory integration differences are discussed, including sensory reactivity, sensory discrimination and perception, vestibular-bilateral functions, and praxis.
- Sensory-seeking behavior is often seen in conjunction with each of these categories of sensory integration problems.
Quiz on major legislation affecting special and general education, including IDEA, Section 504, and NCLB, for students with and without disabilities.
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