Questions and Answers
What is an Independent Group-Oriented Contingency?
Same consequence is in effect for the entire group; each member must meet the goal set by the teacher for participation.
What is an Interdependent Group-Oriented Contingency?
The group is treated as a single individual; for the group to get a reinforcer, they must reach the predetermined criterion.
What is a Dependent Group-Oriented Contingency?
One student affects the whole group; the group must reach the level set by the teacher as a whole.
What is Differential Reinforcement?
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What is the Premack Principle?
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What is Positive Behavior Support?
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What is Response Cost?
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What is a Social Reinforcer?
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What is an Activity Reinforcer?
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What is a Token Reinforcer?
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What is a Tangible Reinforcer?
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What is an Edible Reinforcer?
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Which form of classroom time should be minimized?
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Disruptive behavior reduces _______ time.
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Which of the following has not been shown to be an effective instructional procedure?
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In which of Rosenshine's teaching functions should teachers most frequently interact with students individually?
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The main purpose of which of Rosenshine's functions of instruction is to provide opportunities to develop fluency?
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Which of the following is an important student behavior highly correlated with effective teacher behaviors?
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The process approach to teaching writing focuses on:
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Which of the following is not supported in research as an effective technique to teach students with EBD?
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Study Notes
Group-Oriented Contingencies
- Independent Group-Oriented Contingency: Same consequence applies to the entire group; each member must meet specific participation goals.
- Interdependent Group-Oriented Contingency: Groups function as a single entity; all members must meet a set criterion for the group to earn reinforcers.
- Dependent Group-Oriented Contingency: One student's performance influences the entire group; the group must achieve a collective goal set by the teacher.
Reinforcement Strategies
- Differential Reinforcement: A set of strategies that enhance behavior change through the use of reinforcement.
- The Premack Principle: High-probability behaviors can reinforce low-probability behaviors, facilitating behavior modification.
- Positive Behavior Support: A proactive approach to enhance student behavior and create a supportive environment.
- Response Cost: A strategy where a previously earned reinforcer is withdrawn following undesired behavior to reduce its occurrence.
Types of Reinforcers
- Social Reinforcer: Positive feedback and attention from teachers, such as being first in line.
- Activity Reinforcer: Rewards given for engaging in less preferred activities, such as errands for the teacher.
- Token Reinforcer: Tokens awarded for demonstrating target behaviors, such as points or stamps.
- Tangible Reinforcer: Physical items given for desired behaviors, such as trading cards.
- Edible Reinforcer: Food items offered following the performance of desired behaviors, like pizza or gum.
Classroom Management
- Minimize Transition Time to optimize classroom efficiency.
- Disruptive Behavior reduces Engaged Time, impacting overall learning.
Effective Instructional Techniques
- Providing work above students' ability is NOT effective for growth.
- Frequent Individual Interaction and feedback during Independent Practice is essential.
- Guided Practice is critical for developing fluency and linking new knowledge with prior content.
- Correct Academic Responding correlates strongly with effective teacher behaviors.
Writing Instruction
- The process approach emphasizes the methods skilled writers use: planning, writing, editing, and publication.
Instruction Techniques for EBD Students
- Peer-Mediated Instruction, Direct Instruction, and Formative Assessment are effective; Discovery Learning is not supported for EBD students.
Progress Monitoring
- Progress Monitoring (PM) is more sensitive to small performance changes compared to norm-referenced tests, highlighting its advantages in evaluating student progress.
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Description
Prepare for your SPE 306 final exam with these flashcards focusing on group-oriented contingencies. Each term provides an essential definition that helps clarify concepts related to effective group behaviors in educational settings. Test your understanding and retention of crucial terminologies for success in the class.