Spanish Grammar Quiz: Nouns, Verbs, and Tenses

Nouns and Articles
- Nouns have gender: masculine (el) and feminine (la).
- Plural formation: add -s or -es (e.g., libro → libros, casa → casas).
Adjectives
- Agree in gender and number with the nouns they describe.
- Usually placed after the noun (e.g., casa blanca).
Verbs
- Conjugation varies by subject pronouns (yo, tú, él/ella, nosotros, vosotros, ellos).
- Regular verbs fall into three categories: -ar (hablar), -er (comer), -ir (vivir).
Tenses
- Present tense: used for current actions (hablo, comes).
- Preterite: used for completed actions (hablé, comí).
- Imperfect: used for ongoing past actions (hablaba, comía).
- Future: formed with infinitive + endings (hablaré, comeré).
Subjunctive Mood
- Used to express desires, doubts, or hypothetical situations.
- Formed by taking the present tense yo form, dropping the -o, and adding specific endings.
Pronouns
- Subject pronouns: yo, tú, él, nosotros, etc.
- Object pronouns: me, te, lo/la, nos, etc.
- Reflexive pronouns: me, te, se, nos, etc.

Common Greetings
- Hola (Hello)
- Adiós (Goodbye)
- Por favor (Please)
- Gracias (Thank you)
Basic Numbers
- Uno (1), Dos (2), Tres (3), Cuatro (4), Cinco (5)
Days of the Week
- Lunes (Monday), Martes (Tuesday), Miércoles (Wednesday), Jueves (Thursday), Viernes (Friday), Sábado (Saturday), Domingo (Sunday)
Common Phrases
- ¿Cómo estás? (How are you?)
- Estoy bien (I am fine)
- ¿Qué hora es? (What time is it?)
- No entiendo (I don’t understand)
Family Vocabulary
- Madre (Mother), Padre (Father), Hermano (Brother), Hermana (Sister), Hijo (Son), Hija (Daughter)
Food Vocabulary
- Pan (Bread), Agua (Water), Fruta (Fruit), Carne (Meat), Verdura (Vegetable)
Travel Vocabulary
- Aeropuerto (Airport), Hotel (Hotel), Mapa (Map), Pasaporte (Passport), Billete (Ticket)
Adjectives for Descriptions
- Alto (Tall), Bajo (Short), Bonito (Pretty), Feo (Ugly), Simpático (Friendly)

Nouns in Spanish have two genders: masculine (el) and feminine (la).
To form plurals, add -s to words ending in a vowel (libro → libros) or -es to words ending in a consonant (casa → casas).
Adjectives must match the gender and number of the nouns they modify, typically placed after the noun (e.g., casa blanca for "white house").
Spanish verbs conjugate differently based on subject pronouns: yo (I), tú (you), él/ella (he/she), nosotros (we), vosotros (you plural), ellos (they).
Regular verbs are categorized as -ar (e.g., hablar), -er (e.g., comer), and -ir (e.g., vivir).
The present tense describes current actions, such as hablo (I speak) and comes (you eat).
The preterite tense expresses completed actions, like hablé (I spoke) and comí (I ate).
The imperfect tense indicates ongoing past actions, using forms like hablaba (I was speaking) and comía (I was eating).
The future tense is created by combining the infinitive with specific endings (e.g., hablaré for "I will speak").
The subjunctive mood conveys desires, doubts, or hypothetical scenarios and is formed by modifying the present tense yo form.
Subject pronouns include: yo, tú, él, nosotros, and others; object pronouns include: me, te, lo/la, nos; reflexive pronouns are: me, te, se, nos.

Common greetings include "Hola" (Hello), "Adiós" (Goodbye), "Por favor" (Please), and "Gracias" (Thank you).
Basic numbers are: "Uno" (1), "Dos" (2), "Tres" (3), "Cuatro" (4), "Cinco" (5).
Days of the week are: "Lunes" (Monday), "Martes" (Tuesday), "Miércoles" (Wednesday), "Jueves" (Thursday), "Viernes" (Friday), "Sábado" (Saturday), and "Domingo" (Sunday).
Common phrases include: "¿Cómo estás?" (How are you?), "Estoy bien" (I am fine), "¿Qué hora es?" (What time is it?), and "No entiendo" (I don’t understand).
Family vocabulary includes: "Madre" (Mother), "Padre" (Father), "Hermano" (Brother), "Hermana" (Sister), "Hijo" (Son), and "Hija" (Daughter).
Food vocabulary features: "Pan" (Bread), "Agua" (Water), "Fruta" (Fruit), "Carne" (Meat), and "Verdura" (Vegetable).
Travel vocabulary consists of: "Aeropuerto" (Airport), "Hotel" (Hotel), "Mapa" (Map), "Pasaporte" (Passport), and "Billete" (Ticket).
Descriptive adjectives include: "Alto" (Tall), "Bajo" (Short), "Bonito" (Pretty), "Feo" (Ugly), and "Simpático" (Friendly).