Spanish Colonial Social Hierarchy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Who among the following groups is taxed the least in the system described?

  • Mestizaje
  • Peninsulares
  • Filipinos and Negritos (correct)
  • Sangleys

    • What is the tax status of the Sangleys in comparison to the base tax value?

  • They pay a variable tax.
  • They are tax-free.
  • They pay the base tax value.
  • They pay quadruple the base amount. (correct)

    • Which group benefits from being tax-free?

  • Peninsulares (correct)
  • Mestizo de Bombay
  • Tornatras
  • Mestizo de Sangleys

    • What happens to the tax of a mestiza de Sangley if she marries an Americano?

    <p>Her tax is removed completely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the Tornatras?

    <p>They have more than two racial parentages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the tax for mestizaje determined?

    <p>It varies based on lineage and status.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are the pure-blooded Chinese referred to in the content?

    <p>Sangleys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group had a fluctuating status based on parentage?

    <p>Mestizaje</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original duration of forced labor known as polo imposed on Filipino men?

    <p>40 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two ways through which Filipinos could be exempted from polo labor?

    <p>Work until their debts were paid or pay a fine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did the local serfs lose their lands during the Spanish occupation?

    <p>The Spaniards took over the lands for their use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who provided funding for Rizal's education abroad?

    <p>Paciano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the group that exploited the natives of Calamba by fluctuating tax values?

    <p>The Dominicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Rizal do in response to the land disputes in Calamba?

    <p>Conducted an investigation and prepared a report</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the fate of the unpaid debts in relation to polo labor?

    <p>They transferred to another family member</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the predominant issue faced by the Calambeños regarding land ownership?

    <p>Abusive landowners and unfair taxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which publication discusses the divergent paths of haciendas on Negros Island?

    <p>Sugar capitalism: The divergent paths of haciendas on Negros island</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who translated 'La verdad para todos' into English?

    <p>G. Fores-Galzon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was 'The Cavite mutiny: Towards a definitive history' published?

    <p>2011</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What topic does the work by Wickberg published in 2000 focus on?

    <p>The history of the Philippine Chinese before 1850</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which document outlines the relationship between church lands and agrarian history in the Tagalog region?

    <p>Church lands in the agrarian history of Tagalog region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggered the Cavite Mutiny in 1872?

    <p>The Jesuit expulsion from Spain and her colonies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which personal action did Governor-General Raon take regarding the Jesuits?

    <p>He offered them bribes for protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the movement for the ordination of Filipino priests?

    <p>Basilio Sancho de Santa Justa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event led to the arrival of a strict regime in the Philippines?

    <p>The departure of Governor-General de la Torre.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the Cavite Mutiny for the implicated priests?

    <p>They were executed based on false accusations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was falsely accused of masterminding the Cavite Mutiny along with other priests?

    <p>Jose Burgos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterized the leadership style of Rafael Geronimo Cayetano Izquierdo?

    <p>He used military power for governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the underlying desire of Filipinos during the Cavite Mutiny?

    <p>To escape the labor system known as polo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which celebrity is identified as having a Filipino-German heritage and is associated with the casta term 'Tornatras'?

    <p>Paul Patrick Gruenberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What casta classification is associated with Trinidad Pardo de Tavera?

    <p>Insulares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following celebrities is categorized as 'Mestizo de Sangley'?

    <p>Kris Aquino</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heritage of Ramon Bagatsing III?

    <p>Filipino-Indian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common heritage classification is associated with Jose Rizal?

    <p>Tornatras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which casta classification relates to Cesar Manhilot?

    <p>Indio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which celebrity has a heritage that might include multiracial descent?

    <p>Paul Patrick Gruenberg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heritage classification does Ramon Bagatsing III's surname originate from?

    <p>Filipinized from Indian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What additional context is provided about the establishment of the casta regarding labor systems?

    <p>Polo and bandala were implemented alongside the casta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual is referred to with the full name 'Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda'?

    <p>Jose Rizal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spanish Colonial Social Hierarchy

    • The Spanish colonial social hierarchy was structured around a rigid caste system, with people classified based on race and ancestry, which influenced their rights, privileges, and tax obligations.
    • Peninsulares were Spanish-born individuals who held the highest positions in society. They enjoyed significant privileges, including tax exemption.
    • Americano were those born in the Philippines but of pure Spanish descent. They were also exempt from taxes.
    • Insulares considered mixed-race individuals with a higher percentage of Spanish ancestry. They were subject to variable taxes.
    • Mestizos were a diverse group of people with mixed ancestry. Their tax payments were determined by their lineage and status.
    • Sangley were Chinese immigrants, who were subject to a tax value that was quadrupled the base amount.
    • Indios were indigenous Filipinos who were subject to the lowest tax value.
    • Negritos were the indigenous peoples of the Philippines who also paid the minimum base tax value,
    • Tornatras were individuals with mixed-race parentage, with the lowest status within the mestizos.

    Spanish Colonial Labor and Tax System

    • The Spanish colonial government implemented a system of forced labor called the polo which required Filipino men aged 16-60 to work for the government for 40 days, later reduced to 15.
    • Filipinos could be exempted from the polo by paying a fine called falla or working until they paid their debt, which could be inherited by family members, even after death.
    • Bandala was another important form of taxation which involved the forced collection of agricultural products and tribute.

    The Cavite Mutiny

    • The Cavite Mutiny was a rebellion that occurred in 1767, fueled by discontent with the Spanish colonial government.
    • The mutiny stemmed from a complex mixture of social injustices, religious disputes and political frustrations.
    • The Spanish government sought to suppress the rebellion and blamed Filipino priests for instigating the event.
    • The influence of friars led to the trial and execution of Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, known as the Gomburza executions.

    The Rizal Family and the Landownership Problems

    • Jose Rizal, a prominent Filipino nationalist, was a member of the ilustrado class, individuals who went abroad to study and gain knowledge. He was supported financially by his brother Paciano.
    • Rizal's family faced challenges with land ownership in Calamba, where they were in conflict with the Dominican friars, who had gained control of much of the land through various historical land acquisition methods.
    • The Dominicans exploited the natives with variable and often abusive taxes, which fueled discontent and protests.
    • Rizal conducted investigations on behalf of his community, exposing the friars' actions and drawing attention to the injustices experienced by local Filipino peasants.
    • Ultimately, the Rizal family and many other Filipinos living in Calamba lost their lands to the friars.

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    Test your knowledge of the Spanish colonial social hierarchy, a complex caste system influenced by race and ancestry. Learn about the different classifications, their privileges, and tax obligations. Explore how each group's status shaped society in colonial times.

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