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Questions and Answers
What is the style of fortification characterized by angular bastions?
Who is credited with the Spanish Royal Conquest of the Philippines?
What was the primary motivation behind the colonization of the Philippines?
What is the term used to describe the blend of Spanish and native architectural styles?
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What was the name of the first city established by the Spanish in the Philippines?
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What was the primary purpose of the Laws of the Indies in urban planning?
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What is a characteristic feature of the Horizontals and Verticals Style of Bahay na Bato?
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What was the reason for the urban conflict between stone house residents and nipa dwellers in the late 19th century?
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What was the result of the elite population moving out of Intramuros in the late 19th century?
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What is the name of the street where the Arcilla House, an example of the Horizontals and Verticals Style, is located?
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In which areas of Manila did urbanization spread to in the late 19th century?
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What is the name of the style that is characterized by the absence of decorative elements and a more modern aesthetic?
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What was the reason for the policy enacted in 1581?
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What event in 1645 marked a turning point in the development of architecture in the Philippines?
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What is the term used to describe the structures built partly of wood and partly of stone?
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What is the name of the urban quarter designated for the Chinese community in 1581?
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What was the reason for the relocation of the Chinese community to the eastward of Intramuros?
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Study Notes
Spanish Colonial Architecture
- At the end of the lesson, students should be able to discuss the cultural and environmental context shaping architectural evolution, analyze and compare Philippine architecture, develop cultural sensitivity, and be inspired by historic solutions to contemporary design challenges.
Urban Planning and the Laws of the Indies
- The Laws of the Indies were the basis for the foundation of cities in the Philippines, including Manila, Cebu, Nueva Segovia, and Nueva Caceres.
- The foundation of these cities was characterized by the Fortress-Bastion style.
Extramuros and Arquitectura Mestiza
- Extramuros refers to the area outside the walled city of Intramuros.
- Arquitectura Mestiza is a style of architecture that combines wood and stone, characterized by the mixing of two cultures.
Genesis of the New Kingdom
- The Iberian Peninsula was the starting point for the Age of Exploration and Colonization in the 15th century.
- Ferdinand of Aragon II and Isabella I of Castile played key roles in this period, with Emperor Charles V and Prince Philip II expanding imperial domination.
Pre-Colonial History
- Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer, arrived in the Ma-I islands in 1521.
- Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, a Spanish Royal Conquestor, and Navigator Fray Andres de Urdaneta, OSA, also arrived in the Philippines.
Bahay na Bato Styles
- Horizontals and Verticals Style is a type of Bahay na Bato characterized by contrasting vertical and horizontal lines, with a lack of decorative elements and a more modern style.
- Examples of this style include the Arcilla House and the Bahay Nakpil Bautista.
The Urban Divide
- The last quarter of the 19th century saw urbanization spill out of Intramuros into surrounding areas, leading to a rivalry between stone house residents and those living in nipa houses.
- The mass exodus of the elite population from Intramuros drove nipa dwellers away from their original sites.
Ana de Sapa and the Binondo
- The Binondo was a separate urban quarter designated for the Chinese community, known as Sangleys, in 1581 due to the insecurity of a fast-growing Chinese population.
- They relocated in the eastward of Intramuros after the Pasig river, with easy range of the cannon from Fort Santiago.
Program for Colonial Urbanism
- The "Birth of Filipino architecture" occurred in 1645, marked by a devastating earthquake that led to the development of Arquitectura Mestiza.
- Arquitectura Mestiza combines wood and stone, characterized by the mixing of two cultures.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Spanish colonial architecture in the Philippines. Learn about the cultural and environmental context that shaped architectural evolution and compare it to world architecture. Develop cultural sensitivity and appreciate the achievements of our ancestors.
