Spanish Colonial Architecture Quiz

Spanish Colonial Architecture

• Focused on Church buildings and colonial infrastructure
• Forced urbanization and resettlement programs consolidated scattered native communities into villages
• The concept of land as private property (encomienda system) and capital was established
• "Pueblos" (capitals/towns) were the heart of municipalities, with "Barrios" and "Estancias" (large ranches)
• Intramuros, Manila's walled city, patterned after European fortresses;
• It had 3916 meters of walls constructed from volcanic tuff and brick.
• Extensive use of indigenous labor (coolies and Indios) for construction.

Architectural Features of Intramuros

• Places in Intramuros included stone landings, artillery, bastions, watchtowers, bridges, and gates.
• Notable structures included Casa Matas, Baluarte de San Diego, Revellin bridge, entrance to Revellin bridge, moat, Puerta de Sta. Lucia, Puerta Real, Puerta Parian, and Puerta Isabel, the Gate of Fort Santiago.

Extramuros

• Extramuros (outside the walls) included villages (pueblos), Chinese (Parian), and Japanese (Dilao) communities.
• Key locations included Pueblo de Tondo (unprivileged natives), Pueblo de Quiapo (Black Nazarene), Pueblo de Binondo (Chinatown), and the Isla de Binondo.
• Pueblo de Malate with its ambitious maharlika (nobleman)
• The Laws of Indies (Leyes de Indias), a set of planning guidelines, was issued by King Philip II in 1573.

Churches

• Christian worship types and structures, including Katedral/Cathedrals, Fortress churches, Parish Churches, and Religious Journeys
• Types of Philippine Churches - Katedral, basilica minore del santo nino, St. Catherine churches, San Sebastian church, Bantay church, Binondo church, Bacolor church

Basilica Minore del Santo Niño

• Oldest Roman Church in the Philippines, built in 1565
• Housed the statue of Santo Niño (child Jesus).

Churches

• Known for defensive features, combining religious and military architecture
• Significant examples include St. Catherine's Church, San Sebastian Church, and Bantay Church.

Fortress

• Heavy stone walls, moats, important defense systems.
• Key examples include Fort Santiago and Fort Pilar.
• Fort Santiago, a prison for revolutionary fighters

Institutional Buildings

• Catholic institutions established by Spanish Order of Preachers served as educational and religious centers.
• Examples include the University of Santo Tomas, founded in 1611, and the Colegio de San Juan de Letran.
• The University of Santo Tomas and the University of San Agustin were examples of important institutions.