Spanish Colonial Architecture (Midterms Reviewer) PDF

SPANISH COLONIAL EXTRAMUROS Living beyond the walls ARCHITECTURE  Pueblos - villages  Parian - Chinese Community Focus on...

SPANISH COLONIAL EXTRAMUROS Living beyond the walls ARCHITECTURE  Pueblos - villages  Parian - Chinese Community Focus on Church Building and other colonial  Dilao - Japanese Community infrastructures that urbanize the country. Pueblo de Tondo identified as unprivileged natives 1. Establishment of Reduccion  Forced Urbanization Program and Pueblo de Quiapo home of the Black Nazarene Resettlement  Small scattered native communities were Pueblo de Binondo known as the city of chinatown compelled to consolidate into compact villages.  The communities were literally located Bajos Isla de Binondo formed by the estero de binondo dela Campanas (beneath the bells), which and estero de la reina rivers. sanctioned control over the natives' everyday existence by permitting the clergy to wake the Pueblo de Malate home of the ambitious maharlika peasants up every day, summon them to mass, (nobleman) and subject them to religious catechism. Ermita and Sta. Cruz Dilao 2. The establishment of Encomienda system.  The concept of land as private property and LAW OF THE INDIES (Leyes de Indias) capital was established. The "Laws of the Indies" were issued by King 3. Institution of a hierarchical settlement Philip II in 1573.  "Pueblos" (capitals or towns) known also as Poblacion A set of planning guidelines. It establishes the  "Cabecera" (head / city) is the heart of the church as an urban landmark and a public plaza. municipality or population.  "Barrios" Adjacent Barangays Cuadricula  "Estancias"-large Ranches or First Haciendas  A grid pattern of streets  A system of streets and blocks set out with INTRAMUROS consistent accuracy.  Spanish walled city or manila walled city.  Bordered by bay and the river. Central Plaza  Patterned after the wall fortress of Europe reserved nobility and Clergy.  Represents Mayors Power.  3916 meters of pentagonal perimeter walls of volcanic tuff (adobe) and brick filled in with  Defensive walls for church, shops, government earth. building hospitals and slaughter house.  Coolies and Indios were remained outside the walls. Plaza Complex  Grid pattern of street. Main plaza in the PLACES IN INTRAMUROS Central. Casa Matas stone landings artillery Baluarte De San Diego / Bastion Garita / Watch tower Revellin Enrance Revellin Bridge Moat Gates of Intramuros”  Puerta de Sta. Lucia  Puerta Real  Puerta Parian  Puerta Isabel  Gate of Fort Santiago  CHURCHES Christian worship types;  Katedral / Cathedral Housing the Bishop Throne  Fortress Designed with defensive features, combining religious and military architecture.  Parishes Local Church Communities for worship  Pilgrim A person who embarks on a religious journey to a sacred site. PHILIPPINE CHURCHES ST. CATHERINES CHURCH  Carcar City, Cebu, Philippines  Known as St. Catherine of Alexandria Parish Church  Built of Coral Stone  Built in 18th Century. BASILICA MINORE DEL SANTO NINO  Cebu City  Oldest Roman Church in the Philippines  Built in 1565 on the site where the statue of Santo Nino (child Jesus) was found. SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH  Quiapo, Manila  Gothic Revival Style  The only Steel Church in the Philippines  Known for its Minaret Bell Tower  Dedicated to St. Sebastian, Patron Saint of Athletes and Soldiers.  Completed in 1891  Architect. Gerano Palacios BANTAY CHURCH  Bantay, Ilocos Sur  Known as St. Augustine Parish Church  Watchtower known as the Bantay Bell Tower  Built in 1590  Known for its stunning Spanish Gothic Architecture and stricking red facade.   Known as Minor Basilica of Saint Lorenzo Ruiz  Founded in 1596 by dominican priest to serves the Chinese Community. Dedicated to St. Lorenzo Ruiz, the first filipino Saint and Martyr.  Baroque and neo-romanesque architecture styles  Octagonal five-tier Church  Chinese Style tower MANILA CATHEDRAL  Manila, Philippines  Built 8th times, originally built in 1581  Known as Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception  Romanesque Architecture, serves as the seat of the archbishop of Manila.  Architect. Fernando H. Ocampo Sr. BETIS CHURCH  Guagua, Pampanga  Known as St. James the Apostles Parish Church  Built in 18th Century, Baroque-Style church  Made of Stucco TAAL BASILICA  Taal, Batangas, Philippines  Known as the Basilica of St. Martin of Tours  Asia’s Larget Catholic Church  96m long, 45m wide, and 96m tall  24 Classical Column  Built in 1856 with a blend of Baroque and Neo- classical architecture. BACOLOR CHURCH  Bacolor, Pampanga  Known as San Guillermo Parish Church  Baroque-style Church, Originally built in 1576  Half-Buried by lahar flows due to the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991. BINONDO CHURCH  Binondo, Manila   Knowns as Immaculate Conception of the Virign Mary Parish Church.  Built by Spanish Missionaries in 1596  Made of Pulverized Coral using Eggyolks to intact limestones QUIAPO CHURCH  Quiapo, Manila  Formally known as Minor Basilica of the Black Nazarene or St. John the Baptish Parish  Built in 1586 Baroque Style  Architect. Jose Maria Zaragoza  Columns are twisted  housing the revered statue of Black Nazarene, a dark-colored image of Christ believed to be Miraculous. DARAGA CHURCH  Albay, Philippines  Known as Church of Nuestra Senora de la Porteria (Our Lady of Gate)  Built in 1773 by Spanish Missionaries  Churrigueresque  Made of Volcanic Rocks  Known for its Solomonic Columns 4 NOTABLE BAROQUE CHURCHES Listed from UNESCO MALATE CHURCH  Malate, Manila  Known as Our Lady of remedias Parish  Built in Augustinian Friars in 16th century. Dedicted to Nuestra Senora De los Remedios the patron saint of mothers and children.  Good Blending of Muslim and Baroque style SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH  Intramuros, Manila  First Built in Luzon  Only structure survive in WWII  Oldest stone church in the Philippines, completed in 1607 example of Spanish colonial BACLAYON CHURCH baroque architecture.  Bohol, Philippines  Ceiling painting “Trompe I’oell” Style  Chinese Fu Dogs at the Entrace.  Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur  Nuestra Senora De la Asuncion (Church of Our lady of the Assumption)  Built in 1810, example of Spanish Baroque architecture FORTRESSES Heavy Stone walls and Moats PAOAY CHURCH  Poay, Ilocos Norte  Known as San Augustine Church  Built in 1694, blend of Baroque and Gothic elements.  With massive sculpted buttresses. FORT SANTIAGO  Intramuros, Manila  Built in late 1500 as part of the spanish defense system to protect manila from foreign invasions.  Key military base and later, a prison for filipino revolutionaries during fight for independence.  Now servers as a museum and natioal shrine, symbolizing the Philippines colonial and revolutionary History. MIAG-AO  Ilo-ilo, Philippines  Known as Santo Tomas of villanova church / Santo Tomas de Villnueva Church  Finest “Fortress Baroque” Facade  Carvings of biblical scenes and local flora and fauna.  Built in 1786 FORT PILLAR  Zamboanga, Philippines  Built in 1600 as a defensive fort against pirate raids and foreing invasions.  Fort features a rectangular shape with a central chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Pillar, the patron of Zamboanga.  Now serves as a historical park and musem in the defense of Southern Philippines. SANTA MARIA CHURCH  INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS  A Catholic Institution established by Spanish Ayuntamiento Order of Preachers.  Served as educational and religious center Schools; offering primary and higher education to the Filipino youth. REPULIC ACT  RA 10066 (The National Cultural Heritage Act) steps to preserve historic buildings that are over 50 years old.  RA 10086 (The National Historical Commission of the Philippines) strengthening its power and functions. UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS  Founded in 1611 in Manila by Spanish Dominicans  Oldest University in Asia and one of the oldest in the world.  Served both as an educational institution and a center for religious and intellectual development during spanish colonial period UNIVERSITY OF SAN AGUSTIN  Founded in 1904 in Iloilo City, a Catholic University founded by Augustinian Fiars COLEGIO DE SAN JUAN DE LETRAN  Founded in 1620 in Manila