Spanish Era in Intramuros History

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Questions and Answers

What were Filipino builders referred to during the Spanish era?

Civil Engineers

Construction Managers

Architects

Master Builders (correct)

What was the only group of architects/engineers with academic degrees during the Spanish era in the Philippines?

Filipino Engineers

Friar Architects

Spanish Architects (correct)

Ilustrados

Which structure was built by the Spaniards in 1571?

University of Santo Tomas

Intramuros Wall

Fort Santiago (correct)

San Augustin Church

What kind of structures were Filipino engineers allowed to maintain and repair during the Spanish era?

Government buildings Signup and view all the answers

Who was responsible for building many structures in Manila during the Spanish era?

Friar Architects/Engineers Signup and view all the answers

What type of construction did the Franciscan Order begin in 1577?

Wood and cane churches Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the oldest stone fortifications built in Intramuros?

Nuestra Senora de Guia Signup and view all the answers

Who were the 'Ilustrados' in the context of the Spanish era?

Filipino elite group Signup and view all the answers

Who constructed the first irrigation system in Tanay, Rizal?

Fr. Jose Delgado Signup and view all the answers

What were the portions of agricultural land granted to priests during the Spanish period in Cavite called?

Cavite Friar Lands Signup and view all the answers

When was the Pasig River Lighthouse first lit?

1846 Signup and view all the answers

What was the local name for the Pasig River Lighthouse?

Farola Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the first lighthouse in the Philippines erected?

1642 Signup and view all the answers

What significant event took place in 1992 concerning the Pasig River Lighthouse?

It was deactivated. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'encomienda' refer to in the context of Spanish land grants?

Spanish Royal lands grants Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Pasig River Lighthouse?

To mark the entrance to the river for vessels Signup and view all the answers

What was formed by civil engineers after the dissolution of the AIAAF in 1911?

The Philippine Society of Engineers Signup and view all the answers

What did the Irrigation Act of 1912 primarily regulate?

Water rights and irrigation systems Signup and view all the answers

What significant irrigation system was inaugurated in 1913?

The San Miguel River Irrigation System Signup and view all the answers

What happened to the Irrigation Division during World War I?

It was downgraded to a section within the Design Division. Signup and view all the answers

What financial assistance was provided through legislative Act No. 2562?

For existing private irrigation systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the term 'zanjera' associated with?

A cooperative irrigation society Signup and view all the answers

Which region in the Philippines is known for the earliest zanjeras?

Ilocos Signup and view all the answers

What was the main function of the zanjera?

To secure a reliable water supply Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the National Housing Authority (NHA)?

To manage housing development on a national level Signup and view all the answers

In what year was the Philippine Ports Authority established?

1975 Signup and view all the answers

What was the National Water Resources Board (NWRB) created to do?

Coordinate policies concerning water resources Signup and view all the answers

What significant change did Presidential Decree 1096 implement?

Established the National Building Code Signup and view all the answers

Which dam is located on the Pampanga River and was completed in 1977?

Pantabangan Dam Signup and view all the answers

When did construction begin on the Pantabangan Dam?

1971 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the gated spillway in the dam?

To protect the dam from overtopping Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary use of Pantabangan Dam?

For hydroelectric power generation and irrigation Signup and view all the answers

Which code was enacted with the establishment of the National Water Resources Board (NWRB)?

National Water Code Signup and view all the answers

How long is the Agno River?

221 kilometers Signup and view all the answers

What benefits became available to the surrounding regions upon the completion of the dam on February 14, 2003?

Irrigation, flood control, and water quality enhancement Signup and view all the answers

What was the project financing arrangement for the SRMP?

Build-Operate-Transfer Signup and view all the answers

Which river acts as the drainage basin for the SRMP?

Agno River Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of SRPC's ownership of the power-generating facilities after completion?

25 years Signup and view all the answers

What major legislative act providing for modernization in procurement was enacted in 2003?

RA Number 9184 Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Agno River originate?

Cordillera Mountains Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Spanish Era

The walled city in Intramuros was established by the Spaniards as a model community.
Friar Architects/Engineers built government buildings, bridges, residential, and other structures during this time.
Filipino engineers were assigned the task of maintaining, repairing, and/or remodeling infrastructure systems in all "pueblos" or towns including churches, convents, and government buildings.
Maestro de Obras built structures for the elite group, the Ilustrados.

1571

The Spaniards started building Fort Santiago (Fuerte de Santiago) after establishing the city of Manila under Spanish rule.

1577

The Franciscan Order arrived in Manila and began constructing wooden and cane churches.
These early churches succumbed to natural catastrophes.
Construction of a stone church began in 1739 which was financed by public charity and became one of the richest in Intramuros.

1586

Designed and built by Jesuit priest Antonio Sedeno, the Nuestra Senora de Guia was built.
The first irrigation system in Tanay, Rizal was constructed by Fr. Jose Delgado.

17th Century

Cavite Friar Land Irrigation System is one of the oldest irrigation systems in the Philippines.
Encomiendas or Spanish Royal lands grants were implemented in Cavite
Spanish priests were granted by the Spanish King portions of agricultural land in Cavite.
The lands were subdivided into four estates: The Naic Estate, Santa Cruz de Malabon (Tanza) Estate, San Francisco de Malabon (General Trias) Estate, and Imus Estate, all of which are now popularly called as Cavite Friar Lands.

1846

The Pasig River LightHouse was the first lighthouse (masonry-built) erected in the Philippines.
It helped vessels around Manila Bay navigate to dock on the ports along the banks of the river in Manila.
A light station has been established on the site since 1642.
It was a welcoming beacon for over a century to all mariners of inter-island vessels bringing their vessels up into the river for berthing along its busy wharves.

1911

The AIAAF (Architect and Engineers Association of the Philippines) dissolved when civil engineers withdrew to form their professional organization - The Philippine Society of Engineers.
This occurred after the AIAAF struggled for the passage of an Engineers and Architects Law.
The Escuela (school) was closed.

1912

The American regime initiated policies to stimulate national economic growth through irrigation development.
The Irrigation Division under the Bureau of Public Works (BPW) was established in 1908 (Friar lands were sold to the government in 1902 and then sold to the tenants).
The Irrigation Act was passed in 1912 regulating the appropriation of public waters, investigation, construction, operation, and maintenance of irrigation systems. It also prescribed rules on water rights and provided for securing payments for irrigation services from the beneficiaries.

1913

The first NIS, the San Miguel River Irrigation System in Tarlac with a service area of 6000 hectares was inaugurated.
During World War I, all appropriations for irrigation were withdrawn and the Irrigation Division was downgraded to a section in the Design Division of the BPW.
Through legislative Act No. 2562, financial assistance was given to existing private irrigation systems covering a minimum of 25 ha, through duly organized corporations or associations of landowners.

1914

The earliest Communal irrigation systems (CIS) were simple structures and located in the Ilocos area of northern Philippines known as the zanjera.
The term "zanjera" is derived from the Spanish term for turnout and used locally to refer to a cooperative irrigation society whose function was to secure a stable and reliable supply of water for its members.
Most zanjeras may have two or more sittios or barrios, and membership is comprised of all landowners or tenants or a combination of both.

1975

The National Housing Authority (NHA) was created under PD 757 to oversee housing development on a national level.
The Philippine Ports Authority was created under Presidential Decree No. 505 which was subsequently amended by P.D.No. 857 in December 1975.
The System Internationale (SI) system of units was mandated in the Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos through a Presidential Decree.

1976

With the shift in the form of government, national agencies were renamed from Departments to Ministries.
The Department of Public Works, Transportation, and Communications (DPWTC) became the Ministry of Public Works, Transportation and Communications (MPWTC) & the Department of Public Highways (DPH) became the Ministry of Public Highways (MPH).
The National Water Resources Board (NWRB) was created through the National Water Code of the Philippines (Water Code of the Philippines) to coordinate policies concerning water resources.

1977

PD 1096, otherwise known as the National Building Code of the Philippines (the “NBCP”) signed by then Pres.Ferdinand Marcos on 19 February 1977 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations (“IRR”).
Pantabangan Dam, a multi-purpose dam on the Pampanga River located in Pantabangan in Nueva Ecija province, was completed providing water for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation.
The reservoir, Pantabangan Lake, affords flood control and is considered one of the largest in Southeast Asia and also one of the cleanest in the Philippines.
Construction on the dam began in 1971 and it was completed in 1977.

2003

The San Roque Power Corporation (SRPC) financed and constructed the SRMP under a power purchase agreement (PPA) with the National Power Corporation (NPC) on a Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) basis.
SRPC substantially completed the SRMP at midnight, February 14, 2003, at which time its peaking power, irrigation, flood control, and enhanced water quality benefits became available to the surrounding regions.
Ownership of the dam and spillway was transferred to NPC upon construction completion, as it contributed funds for the non-power components on behalf of several agencies.
SRPC will own and operate the power generating facilities for 25 years, after which their ownership transfers to NPC.
RA Number 9184 or "An act providing for the modernization, standardization, and regulation of the procurement activities of the government and for other purposes" was enacted by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on January 10, 2003.

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Explore the significant contributions of Spanish architects and engineers during the Spanish Era in Intramuros. Discover the establishment of Fort Santiago, the arrival of the Franciscan Order, and the construction of early churches. This quiz delves into the architectural legacy left in Manila from 1571 onward.