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Questions and Answers
The President of the Republic of Korea can serve more than one five-year term.
The President of the Republic of Korea can serve more than one five-year term.
False
The National Assembly in South Korea is a bicameral legislature.
The National Assembly in South Korea is a bicameral legislature.
False
The President of the Republic of Korea has the power to dissolve the National Assembly.
The President of the Republic of Korea has the power to dissolve the National Assembly.
False
Judicial power in South Korea is independent from the executive and legislative branches.
Judicial power in South Korea is independent from the executive and legislative branches.
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The current Republic of Korea started with the last significant constitutional amendment in 1987.
The current Republic of Korea started with the last significant constitutional amendment in 1987.
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The Prime Minister in South Korea is appointed solely by the President without any approval from the National Assembly.
The Prime Minister in South Korea is appointed solely by the President without any approval from the National Assembly.
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The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in the Republic of Korea is nominated by the National Assembly.
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in the Republic of Korea is nominated by the National Assembly.
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Roh Moo-hyun was impeached by the National Assembly in 2004 and later reinstated by the Constitutional Court.
Roh Moo-hyun was impeached by the National Assembly in 2004 and later reinstated by the Constitutional Court.
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Study Notes
South Korean Political System
- South Korea has a presidential representative democratic republic.
- The President is head of state and the executive branch.
- The legislative branch is composed of a unicameral National Assembly.
- The judiciary is independent from both the executive and legislative branches.
- The Supreme Court, with justices nominated by the President and approved by the National Assembly, is the supreme judiciary body.
Presidential System
- Elected by all voters for a 5-year term (no second term).
- Acts as head of state.
- Commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
- Chief executive.
- Power to declare war.
- Cannot dissolve the National Assembly.
- Appoints a Prime Minister, needing National Assembly approval.
- Proposes legislation.
- Appoints the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, needing National Assembly approval.
National Assembly
- Unicameral legislature with 300 members.
- 253 members are directly elected from districts.
- 47 members are appointed proportionally to political party vote shares.
- 4-year terms.
- Law-making body.
- Approves the national budget.
- Power to impeach the President.
Overview of South Korea Political System
- The politics in South Korea operates within a presidential representative multi-party system.
- The executive power is held by the President.
- The legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly.
- The judiciary is independent from the executive and legislative branches.
- The constitution has been revised five times since 1948, each change marking a new republic; the current Sixth Republic was established through the last significant constitutional amendment in 1987.
###Additional Information
- The President, elected by direct vote, acts as Commander-in-Chief.
- The President nominates the Prime Minister (PM), with National Assembly approval.
- The President is also responsible for nominating the State Council of chief ministers.
- The National Assembly voted to impeach President Roh Moo-hyun in 2004 and then the Constitutional Court rejected the impeachment and reinstated him.
- The National Assembly consists of 300 members, 244 elected in single-seat districts, and 56 through proportional representation.
- The judiciary functions independently, with the Supreme Court at the apex. The Supreme Court has justices nominated by the President and approved by the National Assembly.
- Major political parties currently include the Saenuri Party.
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Description
Explore the structure of South Korea's political system, including its presidential representative democracy, the role of the President, and the unicameral National Assembly. This quiz will test your knowledge on the key components and functions of the government in South Korea.
