Questions and Answers
Which of the following represents essential amino acids that must be obtained from the diet?
What type of protein is characterized as being soluble in water and coagulated by heat?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of protein deficiency?
Which of these is a primary animal source of protein?
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What is a common disorder resulting from protein energy malnutrition?
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What is a common result of protein deficiency in children?
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Which of the following is a symptom of Kwashiorkor?
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Which of these is a source of protein from plant sources?
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Which nutrient deficiency can lead to low resistance to infections at any age?
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What condition is associated with a severe protein-energy malnutrition characterized by weight loss and lethargy?
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Which food source is least likely to contain proteins?
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Which vitamin is known as retinol and is associated with vision?
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Which condition should not be treated with Vitamin A during the first trimester of pregnancy due to teratogenic effects?
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What is the primary function of protein in the body?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamins?
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Where is glycogen primarily stored in the body?
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What is the role of fibers in the diet?
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Which of these is a source of glycogen?
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Which carbohydrate is known as the storage form in plants?
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How much of the body's energy requirement typically comes from carbohydrates?
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What is a characteristic of unsaturated fats compared to saturated fats?
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Study Notes
Sources of Protein
- Essential amino acids (EAAs) cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through diet.
- Significant animal sources of protein include eggs, milk, meat, fish, poultry, and seafood.
- Key plant sources include cereals (wheat, rice, corn), legumes (mung beans, peas, peanuts, soybeans), and processed vegetable proteins like vegemeat and tofu.
- Protein deficiency can lead to various health issues:
- Retarded growth in children
- Low resistance to infections
- Slow recovery from illnesses
- Low birth weight
- Protein-energy malnutrition (e.g., Marasmus and Kwashiorkor)
Types of Proteins
- Simple proteins are categorized as:
- Albumins: Soluble in water and coagulated by heat.
- Globulins: Insoluble in water but soluble in salt solution, also coagulated by heat.
Amino Acids
- Essential amino acids include histidine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, threonine, leucine, tryptophan, lysine, valine, and methionine.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins
- Vitamin A, also known as retinol, is derived from carotene and is essential for various bodily functions.
- Absorbed via the lymphatic system and portal blood to the liver; it acts as an antioxidant.
- Should not be given to pregnant women during the first trimester due to potential teratogenic effects.
- Functions of Vitamin A include maintaining normal vision.
Protein Functions
- Proteins are vital for building and repairing muscle tissues.
- Fats and oils store energy in the body.
- Vitamins support growth, metabolism, and disease protection.
- Minerals aid in heart function and metabolic processes.
Carbohydrates
- Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, primarily derived from plants.
- Produced through photosynthesis using water, carbon dioxide, and sunlight.
- Serve as a major energy source, accounting for 50-70% of total energy requirements.
Types of Carbohydrates
- Complex carbohydrates (polysaccharides) consist of linked monosaccharides.
- Starch is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in plants, found in cereals, rice, and wheat.
- Dextrin is an intermediate product of starch digestion found in toasted bread after applying dry heat.
- Glycogen, a storage form of carbohydrates in animals, is primarily found in the liver and muscle tissues.
- Fibers act as roughage and help in digestion by forming bulk.
General Health Implications
- A deficiency in protein affects growth, immune response, recovery, and overall health.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various sources of protein, including animal and plant-based options. This quiz covers essential amino acids and different categories of proteins. Discover how well you understand protein sources in your diet.
