Sound Transmission Through the Ear

Sound waves entering the ear strike the cochlear duct directly.

Outer hair cells are responsible for transmitting auditory information to the brain.

The ossicles of the middle ear vibrate with increased strength and decreased amplitude.

Each inner hair cell receives information from 10 separate spiral ganglion cells.

Vibrations of the base of the stapes create pressure waves in the perilymph of the scala tympani.

Longer waves (low pitch) cause displacement near the oval window.

The organ of Corti is responsible for converting sound waves into a nerve impulse.

The lowest tones stimulate inner hair cells located in the basal portion of the cochlea.

The movement of the basilar membrane stimulates action potentials conveyed by the cochlear nerve to the brain.

Pressure waves in the perilymph are amplified by the secondary tympanic membrane at the round window.

The auditory receptor cells are the outer hair cells.

Vibrations are transferred from the scala vestibuli to the scala tympani across the cochlear duct.

The olivocochlear bundle is responsible for innervating inner hair cells.

A sound with a frequency of 300 Hz has a loudness of 100 dB.

A unilateral lesion can cause total deafness of the affected ear.

Central unilateral lesions involve lesions in the cochlear nuclei or sound conducting apparatus of the middle ear.

A central unilateral lesion can result in impaired hearing on both ears.

The majority of the fibers that make up the auditory pathways do not cross to the other side.

The vestibular system is responsible for maintaining body balance and coordination of eye movements.

The vestibular pathway is not essential for maintaining body balance.

The dorsal column pathway is not involved in the vestibular system's functions.

The vestibular fibers terminate on the auditory cortex.

Projections of the vestibulorecticular pathway are mainly contralateral.

The Doll's eye test can only be performed on conscious patients.

In the Doll's eye test, the eyes move in the same direction as the head.

The vestibulo-ocular reflex is involved in regulating visceral motor functions such as vomiting and coughing.

The vestibulorecticular pathway is responsible for regulating cardiovascular functions and respiration.

The rocking chair can help to stimulate the vestibulorecticular pathway.

The ventroposterolateral thalamic nuclei are involved in the vestibulothalamocortical pathway.

The vestibular neurons project to the vicinity of the central sulcus near the toe representation.

The Doll's Head test is used to assess auditory function.

The vestibular fibers project to Brodmann Area 4.

Brodmann Area 7 corresponds to the anterior areas of the parietal lobe.

The vestibular pathways are responsible for providing conscious awareness of the position and movements of the hand in space.

The somatosensory areas of the cerebrum include Brodmann Areas 2, 3, and 5.

The vestibular nuclei project to the thalamus via the lateral and inferior vestibular nuclei.

The caloric test is used to assess auditory function.

The vestibular fibers project to the vicinity of the central sulcus near the neck representation.