Solvent Selection in Pharmacognosy
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Solvent Selection in Pharmacognosy

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary consideration for selecting a suitable solvent in extraction?

  • Cost and availability of the solvent
  • Ability to extract the desired compounds while leaving behind the unwanted ones (correct)
  • Environmental impact of the solvent
  • Polarity of the solvent
  • Which of the following solvents is most suitable for extracting alkaloids?

  • Methanol (correct)
  • Acetonitrile
  • Hexane
  • Ether
  • What is the primary factor that affects the selectivity of a solvent?

  • Polarity of the solvent (correct)
  • Toxicity of the solvent
  • Solubility of the phytoconstituents
  • Viscosity of the solvent
  • Which type of solvent is most suitable for extracting terpenes?

    <p>Hexane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the environmental impact of a solvent?

    <p>To reduce the risk of environmental pollution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a good solvent?

    <p>Ability to selectively extract the desired compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solvent Selection in Extraction in Pharmacognosy

    Importance of Solvent Selection

    • Selection of a suitable solvent is crucial in extraction as it affects the quality and quantity of the extracted phytoconstituents
    • A good solvent should be able to extract the desired compounds while leaving behind the unwanted ones

    Factors Affecting Solvent Selection

    • Polarity: Solvents with similar polarity to the phytoconstituents are more effective in extraction
    • Solubility: Solvent should be able to dissolve the phytoconstituents of interest
    • Selectivity: Solvent should selectively extract the desired compounds while minimizing the extraction of impurities
    • Toxicity: Solvent should be non-toxic and safe for use
    • Cost and Availability: Solvent should be cost-effective and easily available
    • Environmental Impact: Solvent should have a minimal environmental impact

    Types of Solvents Used in Extraction

    • Polar solvents:
      • Water
      • Methanol
      • Ethanol
      • Acetone
    • Non-polar solvents:
      • Hexane
      • Chloroform
      • Ether
    • Intermediate polarity solvents:
      • Ethyl acetate
      • Isopropyl alcohol
      • Acetonitrile

    Solvent Selection Criteria for Different Phytoconstituents

    • Alkaloids: Polar solvents like water, methanol, and ethanol are effective
    • Glycosides: Polar solvents like water and methanol are effective
    • Terpenes: Non-polar solvents like hexane and chloroform are effective
    • Flavonoids: Polar solvents like methanol and ethanol are effective

    Solvent Selection in Extraction in Pharmacognosy

    Importance of Solvent Selection

    • Suitable solvent selection is crucial in extraction as it directly affects the quality and quantity of extracted phytoconstituents
    • A good solvent should selectively extract desired compounds while leaving behind unwanted ones

    Factors Affecting Solvent Selection

    Polarity and Solubility

    • Solvents with similar polarity to phytoconstituents are more effective in extraction
    • Solvent should be able to dissolve phytoconstituents of interest

    Selectivity and Toxicity

    • Solvent should selectively extract desired compounds while minimizing impurities
    • Solvent should be non-toxic and safe for use

    Practical Considerations

    • Solvent should be cost-effective and easily available
    • Solvent should have a minimal environmental impact

    Types of Solvents Used in Extraction

    Polar Solvents

    • Water
    • Methanol
    • Ethanol
    • Acetone

    Non-Polar Solvents

    • Hexane
    • Chloroform
    • Ether

    Intermediate Polarity Solvents

    • Ethyl acetate
    • Isopropyl alcohol
    • Acetonitrile

    Solvent Selection Criteria for Different Phytoconstituents

    Alkaloids and Glycosides

    • Polar solvents like water, methanol, and ethanol are effective for alkaloid extraction
    • Polar solvents like water and methanol are effective for glycoside extraction

    Terpenes

    • Non-polar solvents like hexane and chloroform are effective for terpene extraction

    Flavonoids

    • Polar solvents like methanol and ethanol are effective for flavonoid extraction

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    Description

    This quiz covers the importance of selecting a suitable solvent in extraction, factors affecting solvent selection, and more. Learn about the role of polarity and solubility in solvent selection.

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