Pharmacognosy Extraction Quiz: Mastering Lab Techniques with Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of extraction techniques in pharmacognosy?

To create a pure form of the plant material

To destroy the inactive components of the plant material

To separate the medicinally active constituents from the inert components (correct)

To alter the chemical structure of the active constituents

What is the term used to describe the products obtained from plants through extraction techniques?

Crude drugs

Phytochemicals

Pharmaceuticals

Galenical (correct)

Which of the following methods of extraction involves soaking the plant material with a cold solvent?

Percolation

Infusion

Decoction

Maceration (correct)

What is the principle of the Soxhlet apparatus method of extraction?

Continuous hot extraction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a hot method of extraction?

Maceration Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using water in the solvent mixture during maceration?

To facilitate the dissolution of alkaloids present in a salt form Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of occasional agitation and staring during the maceration process?

To facilitate the diffusion of the solvent into the plant material Signup and view all the answers

Why is chloroform used as a solvent in the extraction of volatile oils and terpenes?

Due to its non-polar nature, which enables the extraction of volatile oils and terpenes Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the maceration and percolation methods of extraction?

The method of adding the solvent to the plant material Signup and view all the answers

Why is the maceration process often repeated several times?

Due to the difficulty in obtaining the active constituent in a single maceration process Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of allowing the plant material to macerate for 24 hours during the percolation process?

To enhance the extraction of the active constituents Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using a Soxhlet apparatus compared to ordinary reflux?

It prevents the plant material from being directly exposed to heat Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the thimble in a Soxhlet apparatus?

To separate the plant material from the solvent Signup and view all the answers

What is a common requirement for the Clevenger method and the reflux method?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the condenser in the Soxhlet apparatus and the Clevenger method?

To cool the solvent Signup and view all the answers

Why is filtration not required in the Soxhlet apparatus method?

Because the thimble separates the plant material from the solvent Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the Soxhlet apparatus and the reflux method in terms of plant material placement?

The plant material is placed in the thimble in the Soxhlet apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Which hot method involves extraction using boiled water in an infusion pot?

Decoction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plant parts is NOT suitable for extraction using the decoction method?

Petals Signup and view all the answers

In which hot extraction method is the active constituent dissolved in a heated solvent after agitation?

Digestion Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves allowing the volatile oil to evaporate with steam during extraction?

Infusion Signup and view all the answers

Which factor determines the choice of solvent in hot extraction methods?

The active constituent being extracted Signup and view all the answers

In the extraction procedure involving an

2- Decoction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a Soxhlet apparatus?

To continuously extract active compounds using boiled solvent Signup and view all the answers

Which method involves actively boiling the solvent with a reflux condenser?

Reflux method Signup and view all the answers

In continuous hot extraction method A, what is the primary purpose of the round bottom flask?

To hold the plant material for extraction Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Soxhlet method from the ordinary hot extraction method?

The continuous extraction process Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the reflux method and the Soxhlet apparatus?

The need for continuous boiling of the solvent Signup and view all the answers

Which apparatus requires the use of a porous thimble during the extraction process?

Soxhlet apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Extraction and Separation Techniques

Extraction involves separating the medicinally active constituent from the inactive component of plants or animal tissues using a solvent and a standard extraction procedure.
The obtained products are relatively impure liquids, semisolid, or powders, intended for oral or external use, and are called Galenical.

Methods of Extraction

Cold methods:
- Maceration: extracts active compounds with a cold solvent by soaking the plant material with the solvent.
- Percolation: extracts active compounds with a cold solvent using a percolator with a porous diaphragm at the bottom.

Hot Methods

Infusion: extracts active compounds with boiled water using an infusion pot.
Decoction: extracts active compounds with a continuously heated solvent, used for hard plant parts like barks, stems, and roots.
Digestion: extracts active compounds with a gentle heated solvent, used where moderate temperature is required.
Continuous hot extraction methods:
- Ordinary reflux condenser: extracts active compounds with a boiled solvent using a reflux condenser.
- Soxhlet apparatus: continuously extracts active compounds with a boiled solvent using a Soxhlet apparatus.

Solvents

Depend on the active constituent (alkaloids, glycosides, etc.)
Examples: alcohol, water, chloroform, and ether.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the extraction and separation techniques used in Pharmacognosy labs. Learn about how to separate medicinally active constituents from plants using solvents and standard procedures. Explore the process of obtaining impure liquids, semisolids, or powders from plant extracts.

Pharmacognosy Lab: Extraction and Separation Techniques Quiz

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