Solar Photovoltaic & Geothermal Systems Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the semiconductor material in a solar photovoltaic cell?

  • To reflect sunlight away from the cell
  • To insulate the cell from environmental factors
  • To generate an electric current when exposed to light (correct)
  • To convert sunlight directly into heat

    • Which doping process creates regions in the semiconductor material that can lead to the photovoltaic effect?

  • Doping with insulators to reduce electron movement
  • Doping with elements to form n-type and p-type regions (correct)
  • Doping with other semiconductors to enhance performance
  • Doping with metals to create conductivity

    • What is the role of the anti-reflective coating in solar photovoltaic cells?

  • To increase the cell's electrical resistance
  • To enhance the chemical stability of the semiconductor
  • To minimize sunlight reflection and maximize absorption (correct)
  • To provide electrical conductivity at the surface

    • What type of current is generated by solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>Direct Current (DC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is used to convert the direct current (DC) generated by solar cells into alternating current (AC) for practical use?

    <p>Inverter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern associated with the high-pressure injection of water in HDR systems?

    <p>Induced seismicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do electrons behave when photons strike the semiconductor material in a solar cell?

    <p>Electrons are freed and move towards the n-type region while holes move towards the p-type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic defines vapor-dominated geothermal systems?

    <p>Direct extraction of steam from the reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of the p-n junction in a solar photovoltaic cell?

    <p>It creates an electric field necessary for the flow of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which geothermal system is high-pressure hot water transformed into steam through a rapid pressure drop?

    <p>Flash steam systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the binary fluid system maximize electricity generation potential?

    <p>By transferring heat to a lower boiling point fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material are solar photovoltaic cells typically made from?

    <p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of HDR systems in geothermal energy production?

    <p>Electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the movement of holes in a solar photovoltaic cell?

    <p>Holes flow towards the p-type region where they are created</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is encapsulation in the context of solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>The protective layer shielding the cell from environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the total flow concept in geothermal energy utilization?

    <p>Maximizing the geothermal resource for heating and electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is critical for the success of HDR systems?

    <p>Sufficient temperature gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system primarily uses the heat content of water directly rather than converting it into steam?

    <p>Liquid-dominated systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a challenge associated with HDR systems?

    <p>Thermal storage availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of liquid-dominated geothermal systems?

    <p>Typically operates at lower temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor negatively impacts the conversion efficiency of solar cells as temperature increases?

    <p>Increased semiconductor resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fuel cell type is specifically designed for use in portable electronic devices?

    <p>Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary by-product of the electrochemical reaction in a fuel cell?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system, what is the purpose of hydraulic fracturing?

    <p>To allow water circulation through hot rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT influence the conversion efficiency of solar cells?

    <p>Operating Altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common application for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)?

    <p>Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the efficiency of a solar cell depend on regarding the sunlight it receives?

    <p>The solar spectrum characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fuel cell uses a solid polymer as an electrolyte?

    <p>Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge that Hot Dry Rock (HDR) systems address?

    <p>Accessing geothermal energy from deep rock formations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of fuel cells operates at the highest temperatures?

    <p>Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does doping play in the construction of a solar photovoltaic cell?

    <p>It establishes regions with excess and deficient electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is essential for minimizing sunlight reflection in solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>Anti-reflective coating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which electricity is generated in solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>Photovoltaic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of metal contacts in solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>To allow the flow of electrons for external use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When photons strike the semiconductor material, what is the immediate result?

    <p>Excitation of electrons, freeing them from their bounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of the solar photovoltaic cell allows for the generation of a directed electric field?

    <p>The existence of the p-n junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of current is predominantly generated by solar photovoltaic cells before conversion?

    <p>Direct current (DC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of encapsulation in a solar photovoltaic cell?

    <p>To protect the semiconductor from environmental damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relationship between the movement of electrons and holes in a solar photovoltaic cell?

    <p>Electrons move towards the n-type region while holes move towards the p-type region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the inverter serve in the context of solar photovoltaic systems?

    <p>To convert electricity from DC to AC for practical use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is least likely to directly affect the conversion efficiency of solar cells?

    <p>Number of layers in the cell design</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of a well-designed anti-reflective coating on solar cells?

    <p>To maximize light absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a fuel cell, what role do protons play once they are generated at the anode?

    <p>They migrate through the electrolyte to the cathode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the working temperature characteristics of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)?

    <p>Functions optimally in high temperatures around 800-1,000°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Hot Dry Rock geothermal system, what is a key objective of injecting water at high pressure?

    <p>To create fractures for enhanced thermal conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major disadvantage of using Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) in modern applications?

    <p>Sensitivity to carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy conversion process is most accurate for fuel cells?

    <p>Converting chemical energy to electrical energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fuel cell types is least suitable for large-scale stationary power generation?

    <p>Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does increasing temperature have on the efficiency of solar cells?

    <p>It generally decreases efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application is NOT commonly associated with Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)?

    <p>Space missions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge that HDR systems face related to geological stability?

    <p>Increased seismic risk due to water injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately reflects the scalability of HDR systems?

    <p>They allow for the development of larger geothermal projects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the operation of flash steam systems?

    <p>Reduction of pressure to create steam from high-pressure hot water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of the binary fluid system in geothermal energy production?

    <p>Utilization of a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point for electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of geothermal system is the steam extracted directly from the reservoir?

    <p>Vapor-dominated systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is crucial for the economic feasibility of HDR systems?

    <p>Technical advancements and cost of technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the total flow concept maximize geothermal resource utilization?

    <p>By combining direct use and electricity generation in one system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the success of HDR systems in geothermal energy extraction?

    <p>Presence of viable geothermal resources at accessible depths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the operational characteristic of liquid-dominated systems in geothermal energy?

    <p>Extracting water for its heat content, not for steam generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential application for hot water extracted from HDR systems?

    <p>Direct heating for agricultural processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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