Solar Photovoltaic Cells: Principle and Working

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What is the principle behind solar photovoltaic cells?

Piezoelectric effect
Photovoltaic effect (correct)
Electromagnetic induction
Thermoelectric effect

What is the key component in a solar PV cell?

Glass layer
Semiconductor material (correct)
Anti-reflective coating
Metal contacts

What is the purpose of doping in a solar PV cell?

To create regions with excess electrons and holes (correct)
To increase the temperature of the semiconductor
To increase the thickness of the semiconductor
To reduce the reflection of sunlight

What type of material is used to make metal contacts in a solar PV cell?

Aluminium (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anti-reflective coating in a solar PV cell?

To minimize the reflection of sunlight (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure formed by silicon atoms in a solar PV cell?

Crystal lattice (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when light strikes the semiconductor material in a solar PV cell?

Electrons are excited (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the p-n junction in a solar PV cell?

Creation of an electric current (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the protective material in a solar cell?

To shield the semiconductor from environmental factors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when photons strike the semiconductor material in a solar cell?

They transfer their energy to electrons in the semiconductor (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the metal contacts in a solar cell?

To allow the electric current to be extracted for external use (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an inverter in a solar cell system?

To convert DC to AC (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of temperature on the efficiency of a solar cell?

It decreases the efficiency (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the working principle of a fuel cell?

It converts chemical energy into electricity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the reaction that occurs at the anode in a fuel cell?

2H2 → 4H+ + 4e- (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of fuel cell uses a solid polymer electrolyte?

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the operating temperature of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)?

Around 800-1,000°C (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fuel cell is commonly used in portable electronic devices?

Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC)?

Stationary power plants (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fuel cells in military applications?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern in Hot Dry Rock (HDR) systems?

Seismic risks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of hydraulic fracturing in the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system?

To create fractures in hot rocks (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system?

To generate electricity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can the injection of water at high pressure cause in rocks?

Rock fractures (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of HDR systems?

Electricity generation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for the success of HDR systems?

Hot rocks at sufficient depths (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of vapour-dominated systems?

Found in high-temperature reservoirs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a separator or flash tank in flash steam systems?

To reduce pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of binary fluid systems?

Allows electricity generation at lower temperatures (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of total flow concept systems?

Combines direct use and electricity generation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the current status of HDR systems?

Still being explored and researched (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first application of hot geothermal fluid?

Heating buildings (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using binary cycle systems in geothermal energy?

To generate electricity from low-temperature resources (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using the total flow concept in geothermal energy?

Maximizing the benefits of the geothermal fluid (B) Signup and view all the answers

What factor determines the choice of geothermal technology?

Reservoir temperature (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the geothermal resource and the desired applications?

The geothermal resource affects the desired applications (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using geothermal energy for heating and electricity production?

Maximizing the utilization of the geothermal resource (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of geothermal energy projects?

To maximize the benefits of the geothermal fluid (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the total flow concept in geothermal energy projects?

It maximizes the benefits of the geothermal fluid (C) Signup and view all the answers