Solar Photovoltaic Cells: Principle and Construction

What is the primary principle behind the operation of solar photovoltaic cells?

Photovoltaic effect

What is the typical material used to make solar photovoltaic cells?

Silicon

What is the purpose of doping in solar photovoltaic cells?

To create regions with excess electrons and holes

What is the function of the anti-reflective coating in solar photovoltaic cells?

To minimize the reflection of sunlight and maximize light absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of junction formed in the semiconductor material due to doping?

p-n junction Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the metal contacts in solar photovoltaic cells?

To allow the flow of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of exciting electrons in the semiconductor material when light strikes it?

The electrons move freely Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical material used to make the metal contacts in solar photovoltaic cells?

Aluminium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the protective material that encapsulates the semiconductor structure in a solar cell?

To shield the semiconductor from environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the electric current generated by a solar cell?

Direct current (DC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that affects the conversion efficiency of a solar cell?

The type of semiconductor material used Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the anti-reflective coating in a solar cell?

To maximize light absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the by-product of the overall reaction in a fuel cell?

Water and heat Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and an alkaline fuel cell (AFC)?

The type of electrolyte used Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical operating temperature range of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)?

800-1,000°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the electrolyte in a fuel cell?

To allow only protons to pass through Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fuel cell uses liquid methanol as the fuel?

DMFC Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical operating temperature of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC)?

Around 650-1,000°C Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system over traditional geothermal resources?

Geographical flexibility Signup and view all the answers

Which application of fuel cells involves generating electricity for homes, businesses, and industries?

Stationary power generation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern associated with the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system?

Induced seismicity Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fuel cell is used in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and buses?

PEMFC Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hydraulic fracturing in the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system?

To create fractures in the hot rocks and enhance permeability Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential benefit of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system in terms of resource expansion?

Expanded reach of geothermal resources Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of injecting water at high pressure into rock formations?

Induction of seismic events Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of HDR systems?

Electricity generation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of vapour-dominated systems?

Found in high-temperature reservoirs where the dominant phase is steam Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of binary fluid systems?

Allows electricity generation at lower temperatures compared to traditional steam-based systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a separator or flash tank in flash steam systems?

To reduce the pressure of the hot water and create steam Signup and view all the answers

What is the total flow concept of power generation?

A system that combines direct use and electricity generation in a single system Signup and view all the answers

What is a challenge facing the development of HDR systems?

The technical and economic viability of the technology Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reinjecting condensed steam into the reservoir in vapour-dominated systems?

To maintain pressure in the reservoir Signup and view all the answers

Which step follows using hot geothermal fluid for direct applications in the process described?

Utilizing the remaining fluid for electricity generation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of adopting the total flow concept in geothermal projects?

Maximization of geothermal resource utilization Signup and view all the answers

Which factors influence the choice of technology for harnessing geothermal energy?

Reservoir temperature and fluid composition Signup and view all the answers

In the context of geothermal energy, what does the term 'binary cycle systems' refer to?

Systems that utilize two different fluid cycles Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes geothermal projects in areas with lower-temperature resources?

They adopt the total flow concept Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to consider project economics when choosing a geothermal energy technology?

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the project Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of a geothermal resource is crucial in determining the appropriate technology to harness it?

The fluid composition and temperature of the resource Signup and view all the answers

How does the utilization of the total flow concept benefit geothermal projects?

By reducing waste of the geothermal fluid Signup and view all the answers

Solar Photovoltaic Cells: Principle and Construction

Questions and Answers

What is the primary principle behind the operation of solar photovoltaic cells?

What is the typical material used to make solar photovoltaic cells?

What is the purpose of doping in solar photovoltaic cells?

What is the function of the anti-reflective coating in solar photovoltaic cells?

What is the type of junction formed in the semiconductor material due to doping?

What is the purpose of the metal contacts in solar photovoltaic cells?

What is the result of exciting electrons in the semiconductor material when light strikes it?

What is the typical material used to make the metal contacts in solar photovoltaic cells?

What is the primary purpose of the protective material that encapsulates the semiconductor structure in a solar cell?

What is the direction of the electric current generated by a solar cell?

What is the primary factor that affects the conversion efficiency of a solar cell?

What is the purpose of the anti-reflective coating in a solar cell?

What is the by-product of the overall reaction in a fuel cell?

What is the primary difference between a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and an alkaline fuel cell (AFC)?

What is the typical operating temperature range of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)?

What is the function of the electrolyte in a fuel cell?

Which type of fuel cell uses liquid methanol as the fuel?

What is the typical operating temperature of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC)?

What is the primary advantage of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system over traditional geothermal resources?

Which application of fuel cells involves generating electricity for homes, businesses, and industries?

What is the primary concern associated with the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system?

Which type of fuel cell is used in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and buses?

What is the purpose of hydraulic fracturing in the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system?

What is the potential benefit of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system in terms of resource expansion?

What is a potential consequence of injecting water at high pressure into rock formations?

What is the primary application of HDR systems?

What is a characteristic of vapour-dominated systems?

What is the advantage of binary fluid systems?

What is the purpose of a separator or flash tank in flash steam systems?

What is the total flow concept of power generation?

What is a challenge facing the development of HDR systems?

What is the purpose of reinjecting condensed steam into the reservoir in vapour-dominated systems?

Which step follows using hot geothermal fluid for direct applications in the process described?

What is the main advantage of adopting the total flow concept in geothermal projects?

Which factors influence the choice of technology for harnessing geothermal energy?

In the context of geothermal energy, what does the term 'binary cycle systems' refer to?

What distinguishes geothermal projects in areas with lower-temperature resources?

Why is it important to consider project economics when choosing a geothermal energy technology?

What aspect of a geothermal resource is crucial in determining the appropriate technology to harness it?

How does the utilization of the total flow concept benefit geothermal projects?

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