Solar Photovoltaic Cells: Principle and Construction
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary principle behind the operation of solar photovoltaic cells?

  • Piezoelectric effect
  • Electromagnetic induction
  • Photovoltaic effect (correct)
  • Thermoelectric effect

    • What is the typical material used to make solar photovoltaic cells?

  • Germanium
  • Titanium
  • Silicon (correct)
  • Copper

    • What is the purpose of doping in solar photovoltaic cells?

  • To increase the reflectivity of the semiconductor
  • To reduce the cost of the semiconductor material
  • To create regions with excess electrons and holes (correct)
  • To increase the thickness of the semiconductor

    • What is the function of the anti-reflective coating in solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>To minimize the reflection of sunlight and maximize light absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of junction formed in the semiconductor material due to doping?

    <p>p-n junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the metal contacts in solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>To allow the flow of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of exciting electrons in the semiconductor material when light strikes it?

    <p>The electrons move freely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical material used to make the metal contacts in solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>Aluminium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the protective material that encapsulates the semiconductor structure in a solar cell?

    <p>To shield the semiconductor from environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the electric current generated by a solar cell?

    <p>Direct current (DC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the conversion efficiency of a solar cell?

    <p>The type of semiconductor material used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the anti-reflective coating in a solar cell?

    <p>To maximize light absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the by-product of the overall reaction in a fuel cell?

    <p>Water and heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and an alkaline fuel cell (AFC)?

    <p>The type of electrolyte used</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical operating temperature range of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs)?

    <p>800-1,000°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the electrolyte in a fuel cell?

    <p>To allow only protons to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fuel cell uses liquid methanol as the fuel?

    <p>DMFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical operating temperature of a molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC)?

    <p>Around 650-1,000°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system over traditional geothermal resources?

    <p>Geographical flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application of fuel cells involves generating electricity for homes, businesses, and industries?

    <p>Stationary power generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern associated with the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system?

    <p>Induced seismicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fuel cell is used in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) and buses?

    <p>PEMFC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hydraulic fracturing in the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system?

    <p>To create fractures in the hot rocks and enhance permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of the Hot Dry Rock (HDR) system in terms of resource expansion?

    <p>Expanded reach of geothermal resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of injecting water at high pressure into rock formations?

    <p>Induction of seismic events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of HDR systems?

    <p>Electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of vapour-dominated systems?

    <p>Found in high-temperature reservoirs where the dominant phase is steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of binary fluid systems?

    <p>Allows electricity generation at lower temperatures compared to traditional steam-based systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a separator or flash tank in flash steam systems?

    <p>To reduce the pressure of the hot water and create steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total flow concept of power generation?

    <p>A system that combines direct use and electricity generation in a single system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge facing the development of HDR systems?

    <p>The technical and economic viability of the technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reinjecting condensed steam into the reservoir in vapour-dominated systems?

    <p>To maintain pressure in the reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step follows using hot geothermal fluid for direct applications in the process described?

    <p>Utilizing the remaining fluid for electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of adopting the total flow concept in geothermal projects?

    <p>Maximization of geothermal resource utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors influence the choice of technology for harnessing geothermal energy?

    <p>Reservoir temperature and fluid composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of geothermal energy, what does the term 'binary cycle systems' refer to?

    <p>Systems that utilize two different fluid cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes geothermal projects in areas with lower-temperature resources?

    <p>They adopt the total flow concept</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider project economics when choosing a geothermal energy technology?

    <p>To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the project</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of a geothermal resource is crucial in determining the appropriate technology to harness it?

    <p>The fluid composition and temperature of the resource</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the utilization of the total flow concept benefit geothermal projects?

    <p>By reducing waste of the geothermal fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

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