Solar Energy Principles and Fuel Cells Quiz

<p>Direct Current (DC) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maximizes light absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They excite electrons and free them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electric field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An inverter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glass shield (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flow of electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ratio of electrical power output to incident solar power (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efficiency decreases as temperature rises (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons are generated and protons are produced (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Portable electronic devices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To enhance the permeability of the rock for water circulation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reliable power during outages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quality and presence of defects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electricity generation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient hot rock depth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-temperature steam drives turbines directly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They use a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point than water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To combine heating applications with electricity generation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Induced seismicity from high-pressure water injection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Flash steam systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They operate at low to moderate temperatures. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High capital investment costs and technical viability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instantaneous electricity storage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create regions with excess and deficient electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metal contacts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct current (DC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electric field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It minimizes reflection of sunlight. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aluminium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They flow towards the n-type region. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To convert DC electricity to AC electricity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By applying an anti-reflective coating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moisture and dust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They extract steam directly from the reservoir for electricity generation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural gas extraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential for induced seismicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They utilize a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves a rapid reduction in pressure to vaporize water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It maximizes the utilization of the geothermal resource. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of hot rocks at adequate depths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is the dominant phase and is used for heating applications. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient investment for technological development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased temperature (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To supply hydrogen or a hydrogen-rich fuel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To access hot rock formations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2H2 + O2 → 2H2O (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use a solid polymer electrolyte (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In submarines for underwater missions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating fractures in hot rocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A device that converts sunlight directly into electricity using the photovoltaic effect.

The generation of an electric current when light shines on a material.

A material with electrical conductivity between that of a metal and an insulator.

The common material used to make solar cells due to its excellent properties for the photovoltaic effect.

A boundary between p-type and n-type semiconductor materials that is crucial for the photovoltaic effect.

The process of adding small amounts of other elements to a semiconductor to modify its electrical properties.

A particle of light.

An electric current that flows in one direction around a circuit.

A layer on the surface of the solar cell designed to maximize light absorption.

The percentage of sunlight energy converted into electricity.

The percentage of sunlight a solar cell transforms into usable electricity.

Electrochemical device converting chemical energy to electricity directly.

Negative electrode in a fuel cell where fuel input oxidizes.

Positive electrode where protons and electrons combine with oxygen.

Fuel cell type using a solid polymer electrolyte.

Geothermal energy method creating fractures in hot rocks to circulate water for electricity.

Creating fractures in hot rocks by high-pressure water injection.

Affecting solar cell efficiency, better quality materials have fewer defects.

Energy harnessed from the Earth's internal heat.

Sunlight with a variety of wavelengths.

Enhanced geothermal systems that create fractures in hot rocks to extract heat for energy generation.

Earthquakes triggered by human activities, a concern in HDR systems.

Geothermal systems using steam from high-temperature reservoirs for direct turbine use.

Geothermal systems using hot water from moderate-temperature reservoirs.

High-pressure hot water rapidly reduced to create steam for electricity generation, a method used in both vapor and liquid dominated reservoirs.

Using a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point to generate electricity from lower-temperature resources.

Utilizing all geothermal fluid for both direct use (heating) and electricity generation.

HDR systems' capabilities to access geothermal resources previously inaccessible due to conventional methods.

Turning heat from the Earth into electricity using steam or hot water to drive turbines.

Using geothermal heat for both electricity generation and direct heating.

Sunlight converts to electricity via the photovoltaic effect.

Material in solar cells (e.g., silicon) that conducts electricity better than insulators but less than metals.

Adding special atoms to a semiconductor to control its electrical properties.

Boundary between two types of semiconductors (p-type and n-type) in a solar cell.

Light creates a voltage (electricity) in a material.

Percentage of sunlight turned into usable electricity.

Parts of a solar cell that collect and carry the produced electrical current.

Layer on a solar cell to reduce light reflection and increase absorption.

Electric current that flows in one direction.

Protective covering for a solar cell.

The measure of how well a solar cell converts sunlight into electricity.

A device that directly converts chemical energy into electricity.

The negative electrode where the fuel is oxidized.

The positive electrode where oxygen reacts with protons and electrons.

A type of fuel cell using a solid polymer electrolyte.

A geothermal method of creating fractures in hot rocks to extract heat.

High-quality materials in solar cells have fewer defects, resulting in better performance.

Creating fractures in rocks by injecting water at high pressure.

The range of wavelengths in sunlight.

Energy harnessed from the Earth's internal heat.

A geothermal energy system that creates fractures in hot rocks to circulate water and extract heat for energy generation.

Earthquakes triggered by human activities, a concern in HDR systems.

Geothermal systems using steam directly from high-temperature reservoirs for power generation.

Geothermal systems utilizing hot water from moderate-temperature reservoirs for power generation.

High-pressure hot water is rapidly depressurized to create steam for power generation.

Uses a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point to extract energy from lower-temperature resources.

Utilizing the entire geothermal fluid flow for both direct heating and power generation.

HDR systems' ability to access areas previously inaccessible to conventional geothermal methods.

HDR systems are not limited to specific geological settings.

HDR systems have the potential for larger and more powerful geothermal projects.