Solar Energy Principles and Fuel Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the principle behind solar photovoltaic cells?

  • The storage of light energy in batteries
  • The conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy
  • The generation of electricity from light (correct)
  • The generation of heat from sunlight

    • What material is primarily used in the construction of solar PV cells?

  • Copper
  • Silicon (correct)
  • Lead
  • Germanium

    • What does doping a semiconductor create?

  • Regions with excess or deficient electrons (correct)
  • Regions that are opaque to light
  • Regions with varying temperatures
  • Regions that emit fluorescence

    • What type of current is generated by solar PV cells?

    <p>Direct Current (DC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the anti-reflective coating play in solar PV cells?

    <p>It maximizes light absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when photons strike the semiconductor material in a solar PV cell?

    <p>They excite electrons and free them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed at the p-n junction during the operation of a solar PV cell?

    <p>An electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically required to convert the DC electricity from solar cells into AC for practical applications?

    <p>An inverter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protective feature is often used to encapsulate solar PV cells?

    <p>Glass shield</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In solar PV cells, what do the metal contacts allow?

    <p>Flow of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is conversion efficiency in solar cells defined as?

    <p>The ratio of electrical power output to incident solar power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does temperature impact solar cell efficiency?

    <p>Efficiency decreases as temperature rises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fuel is commonly used in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC)?

    <p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a fuel cell, what happens at the anode during the oxidation reaction?

    <p>Electrons are generated and protons are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fuel cell is primarily used for transportation applications?

    <p>Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC)?

    <p>Portable electronic devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of hydraulic fracturing in the Hot Dry Rock system?

    <p>To enhance the permeability of the rock for water circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fuel cell is known for operating at high temperatures around 800-1,000°C?

    <p>Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using fuel cells in backup power systems?

    <p>Reliable power during outages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of a solar cell's material affects its efficiency?

    <p>Quality and presence of defects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary application of HDR systems?

    <p>Electricity generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern related to the operation of HDR systems?

    <p>Insufficient hot rock depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In vapor-dominated systems, how is steam used for electricity generation?

    <p>High-temperature steam drives turbines directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of binary fluid systems?

    <p>They use a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point than water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the total flow concept in geothermal power systems allow?

    <p>To combine heating applications with electricity generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential environmental challenge of HDR systems?

    <p>Induced seismicity from high-pressure water injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of geothermal system is characterized by extracting high-pressure hot water and causing it to vaporize?

    <p>Flash steam systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes liquid-dominated systems?

    <p>They operate at low to moderate temperatures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge associated with the scalability of HDR systems?

    <p>High capital investment costs and technical viability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of HDR systems?

    <p>Instantaneous electricity storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of doping in semiconductors used in solar PV cells?

    <p>To create regions with excess and deficient electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component in a solar PV cell allows electrons to flow out of the cell for external use?

    <p>Metal contacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of electric current is primarily produced by solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>Direct current (DC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key element formed at the p-n junction in solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>An electric field</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the anti-reflective coating serve in solar photovoltaic cells?

    <p>It minimizes reflection of sunlight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material is typically used for the metal contacts in solar PV cells?

    <p>Aluminium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the electrons after they are freed in a solar PV cell?

    <p>They flow towards the n-type region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an inverter in solar photovoltaic systems?

    <p>To convert DC electricity to AC electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the construction of solar PV cells help in maximizing light absorption?

    <p>By applying an anti-reflective coating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factors must solar PV cells be shielded against?

    <p>Moisture and dust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of vapor-dominated systems?

    <p>They extract steam directly from the reservoir for electricity generation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application is NOT typically associated with HDR systems?

    <p>Natural gas extraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern regarding the operation of HDR systems?

    <p>Potential for induced seismicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes binary fluid systems from traditional steam-based systems?

    <p>They utilize a secondary fluid with a lower boiling point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the flash steam system operate?

    <p>It involves a rapid reduction in pressure to vaporize water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of using total flow concept in geothermal power systems?

    <p>It maximizes the utilization of the geothermal resource.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does the success of HDR systems heavily depend on?

    <p>Presence of hot rocks at adequate depths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of liquid-dominated geothermal systems?

    <p>Water is the dominant phase and is used for heating applications.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge is related to scalability in HDR systems?

    <p>Insufficient investment for technological development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor negatively impacts the efficiency of solar cells?

    <p>Increased temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anode in a fuel cell?

    <p>To supply hydrogen or a hydrogen-rich fuel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fuel cell is most suitable for high-temperature stationary power generation?

    <p>Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a by-product generated during the functioning of a fuel cell?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Hot Dry Rock system, what is the main purpose of drilling deep wells?

    <p>To access hot rock formations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall reaction occurring in a hydrogen fuel cell?

    <p>2H2 + O2 → 2H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a key characteristic of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)?

    <p>Use a solid polymer electrolyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main applications of fuel cells in military settings?

    <p>In submarines for underwater missions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process characterizes the phase of hydraulic fracturing in the Hot Dry Rock system?

    <p>Creating fractures in hot rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fuel cell is noted for its historical use in space missions?

    <p>Alkaline Fuel Cell (AFC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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