30 Questions
What symbol is used to represent insolation for a specified period?
I
What does the subscripts 'o', 'b', and 'd' represent in solar geometry?
Extraterrestrial, beam, and diffuse radiations
What is Radiosity in terms of solar geometry?
The combined emission, reflection, and transmission of radiant energy from a surface
In solar geometry, what does the Latitude (Φ) represent?
The vertical angle between a point's location and the equatorial plane
How is the equivalent flux falling normal to a surface calculated in solar geometry?
$I_b \cdot \cos\theta$
What does the Emissive Power represent in solar geometry?
The radiation where radiant energy leaves a surface by emission only
What is the Solar Azimuth Angle?
The angle on a horizontal plane between the line due south and the projection of Sun's ray on the horizontal plane
What does the Zenith angle represent?
Incidence angle
What is the range of the Surface Azimuth Angle (γ)?
-180° to +180°
How is the Hour Angle ω related to time?
It is equivalent to 15° per hour
What does the Slope (β) represent in Solar Geometry?
The angle between the plane of the surface and the horizontal
When is the Zenith angle negative according to the text?
At sunrise
What are the direct methods of solar energy applications?
Photovoltaic and tidal
Which region of the solar radiation spectrum is important for solar energy applications?
Between 0.38 and 0.72 μm
What is thermal radiation dependent on?
Temperature characteristics of the emissive surface
What is the speed of light in a vacuum?
$300,000 m/s$
What is the solar constant value at the mean distance of the earth from the sun?
$1366.1 W/m2$
When is the solar heat at the outer edge of the earth's atmosphere highest?
January 3
What is the reflecting surface of a cylindrical parabolic collector generally made of?
Silvered glass
Why are organic heat transfer liquids used in cylindrical parabolic collectors?
To reduce thermal conductivity
What is an important consideration in the design of the supporting structure for a cylindrical parabolic collector?
The shape and orientation of the reflecting surface
In comparison to flat-plate collectors, what can be said about the number of manufacturers producing concentrating collectors globally?
There are very few manufacturers producing concentrating collectors
What is the primary function of Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPCs)?
To efficiently collect and concentrate distant light sources
For what applications are Compound Parabolic Concentrators (CPCs) critical components?
Wireless communication, biomedical, and defense research
What is the purpose of the header pipes in a flat plate collector?
To lead water in and out of the collector and distribute it to the tubes
What is the recommended thickness range for the transparent cover of a flat plate collector?
6 - 8 mm
What material is commonly used for insulation in the bottom and sides of a flat plate collector?
Glass wool
What is the typical face area of collectors in a flat plate collector?
2 m2
What is the main advantage of evacuated tube collectors over flat plate collectors?
Evacuated tubes perform well even in low sunlight conditions
What type of fluid typically circulates in the heat transfer system of evacuated tube collectors?
Propylene Glycol
Test your knowledge on the symbols used in solar geometry and insolation calculations. Learn about the different subscripts and their meanings in relation to radiation on various surfaces and planes.
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