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Questions and Answers
What does the object represent in the context of behavior?
What does the object represent in the context of behavior?
Which component is NOT part of the object as defined in the context?
Which component is NOT part of the object as defined in the context?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between state and behavior in an object?
Which of the following best describes the relationship between state and behavior in an object?
In object-oriented programming, the term 'class' typically refers to:
In object-oriented programming, the term 'class' typically refers to:
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How can the object’s behavior be influenced according to its current state?
How can the object’s behavior be influenced according to its current state?
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What defines the attributes of a class?
What defines the attributes of a class?
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How is the behavior of objects represented in classes?
How is the behavior of objects represented in classes?
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Which of the following statements about member variables is true?
Which of the following statements about member variables is true?
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What is an example of modeling the behavior of a dog in a class?
What is an example of modeling the behavior of a dog in a class?
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Which of the following correctly differentiates attributes from methods in a class?
Which of the following correctly differentiates attributes from methods in a class?
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What type of variables are name and color in the class Cat?
What type of variables are name and color in the class Cat?
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Where are the references for name and color stored in the class Cat?
Where are the references for name and color stored in the class Cat?
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What is kept in the object itself for the variables name and color in the class Cat?
What is kept in the object itself for the variables name and color in the class Cat?
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Which of the following correctly describes how name and color are stored in class Cat?
Which of the following correctly describes how name and color are stored in class Cat?
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What is the primary difference between reference type and value type in the context of the class Cat?
What is the primary difference between reference type and value type in the context of the class Cat?
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What range of numbers can the method Next(n) generate?
What range of numbers can the method Next(n) generate?
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What value is guaranteed to be included in the output of Next(n)?
What value is guaranteed to be included in the output of Next(n)?
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Which statement is true about the value returned by Next(n)?
Which statement is true about the value returned by Next(n)?
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If n is set to 5, which of the following numbers might NOT be generated by Next(n)?
If n is set to 5, which of the following numbers might NOT be generated by Next(n)?
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In what scenario would Next(n) return a value of 4?
In what scenario would Next(n) return a value of 4?
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What can be inferred about the method value regarding its dependency on class instances?
What can be inferred about the method value regarding its dependency on class instances?
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Why are the method and the field declared as static?
Why are the method and the field declared as static?
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Which characteristic best describes static methods in relation to instances?
Which characteristic best describes static methods in relation to instances?
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If a method is static, what implication does it have on the method's relationship with object instances?
If a method is static, what implication does it have on the method's relationship with object instances?
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In which scenario is it most appropriate to declare a method as static?
In which scenario is it most appropriate to declare a method as static?
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What does the static property TickCount return?
What does the static property TickCount return?
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What type of class is Sequence in the provided program?
What type of class is Sequence in the provided program?
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What does the static nature of the TickCount property imply?
What does the static nature of the TickCount property imply?
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How is the value of TickCount measured?
How is the value of TickCount measured?
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Which class contains the TickCount property?
Which class contains the TickCount property?
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Study Notes
Software Development - ITATCITO3 - Lecture 6
-
Objectives:
- Familiarize with object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts: classes and objects.
- Explain how to use .NET Framework classes from standard libraries.
- Discuss commonly used system classes and their instantiation.
- Demonstrate accessing object fields, calling constructors, and working with static fields.
Classes and Objects
- Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm using objects and their interactions to build computer programs.
- This approach makes problem-solving intuitive.
What is an Object?
- Software objects model real-world objects (people, cars, etc.).
- Objects have characteristics:
- States (attributes): define the object. Examples for a dog: name, fur color, breed.
- Behavior (methods): actions the object can perform. Examples for a dog: barking, sitting, walking.
- Objects combine data and actions in one.
Classes, Attributes, and Behavior
- A class defines an object's characteristics (attributes) and behavior (actions).
- Attributes are variables within the class.
- Behavior is defined by methods within the class.
- Example: a
Dogclass would have attributes likebreed,furColor, and methods likebark(),sit(), andwalk().
Objects – Instances of Classes
- An object is an instance of a class.
- Creating an object is called
instantiation. - Objects have a
state(values) andbehavior(methods) associated with the class.
Classes in C#
- C# classes are defined with the keyword
class. - Classes contain:
-
Fields: member variables of a specific type. -
Properties: special fields enhancing data management. -
Methods: implement data manipulation.
-
An Example Class (Cat)
- The
Catclass models a cat with the attributesNameandColor.
Dealing with Class Cat
- The
Catclass keeps its values inprivatefields (name,color). - Two constructors are defined (with and without parameters).
- Example of using the
Catclass includingMainmethod.
System Classes
-
System.Console: a system class used in C# applications (e.g.,Console.WriteLine). -
String,Environment,Math: standard libraries for building applications.
Creating and Using Objects – I
- Creating objects from defined classes is performed via the
newoperator. - The object's reference, not a copy of the object, is stored in the variable.
- Objects are created on the
heap, while variables referring to them reside on thestack.
Creating Objects with Set Parameters (more details)
- Creating objects of a class with specific parameter values when instantiated.
- These parameters initialize the object's attributes.
- Objects are stored in memory, and references are used to access them.
Access to Fields and Methods of an Object
- Access object fields, methods, and properties using the dot operator (e.g.,
myCat.Name).
Constructors – I
- Constructors are special class methods automatically called when an object is created.
- Constructors initialize the object's data.
- They have the same name as the class.
- Can be parameterless or parameterized.
Constructors – II
- The example provided shows parameterless and parameterized constructors, where constructors are initialized differently.
Static Fields and Methods – I
- Static members (fields and methods) are associated with the class, not specific objects.
- Static members can be used without creating an object of that class.
Static Fields and Methods – II
- Static fields are initialized when the class is first used, not when objects are created.
Static Fields and Methods – III
- This section describes the
NextValue()method which increments a value each time it's called, demonstrating a static method's behavior.
Static Fields and Methods – IV
- The
Sequenceclass example demonstrates static members, where a private constructor prevents instantiation of the class.
Examples of System C# Classes (Environment)
-
Environment.TickCount: returns the number of milliseconds since the computer started.
System.Math Class
-
System.Mathclass provides mathematical functions (e.g.,Math.PI, trigonometric functions).
System.Random Class
-
System.Randomclass for generating random numbers. - Using
Next(n)generates a random number in the range [0, n).
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP), focusing on classes and objects. You will explore the use of .NET Framework classes, their instantiation, and the manipulation of object fields and methods. Test your understanding of OOP principles and their application in software development.
