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Questions and Answers
Objects interact with each other by passing ______
messages
Encapsulation is a fundamental feature of Object-Oriented Programming where you hide unnecessary details in classes and deliver a simple and clear ______ for working.
interface
Inheritance is a mechanism where you can derive a class from another class for a hierarchy of classes that share a set of attributes and ______.
methods
Data Abstraction is the reduction of a particular body of data to a simplified representation of the ______.
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Polymorphism is an object-oriented programming concept that refers to the ability of a variable, function, or object to take on multiple ______.
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Common Paradigms Imperative: Programming with an explicit sequence of commands that update ______.
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Declarative: Programming by specifying the result you want, not how to ______ it.
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Structured: Programming with clean, goto-free, nested control ______.
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Procedural: Imperative programming with ______ calls.
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It describes the idea of bundling data and methods that work on that data within one ______.
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Study Notes
Programming Paradigms
- A programming paradigm is a style or way of programming, and different languages make it easier to write in certain paradigms.
Procedural Programming
- Also known as imperative programming, it is based on the concept of procedure calls.
- Statements are structured into procedures (functions or subroutines) that are a list of instructions to tell the computer what to do step by step.
- Procedural programming languages are known as top-down languages.
- Examples of procedural programming languages include Fortran, C, and Cobol.
- Features of procedural programming include:
- Excellent for general-purpose programming
- Coded simplicity and ease of implementation of compilers and interpreters
- Large variety of books and online course material available on tested algorithms
- Source code is portable
- Code can be reused in different parts of the program
- Program flow can be tracked easily with a top-down approach
Logical Programming
- Based on mathematical logic, where program statements express facts and rules about problems within a system.
- Rules are written as logical clauses with a head and a body.
- Follows a declarative approach rather than an imperative approach.
- Features of logical programming include:
- Can express knowledge in a way that does not depend on the implementation
- Programs are more flexible, compressed, and understandable
- Enables knowledge to be separated from use
- Can be altered and extended in natural ways to support special forms of knowledge
- Can be used in non-computational disciplines relying on reasoning and precise means of expression
- Prolog is an example of a language that follows the logical paradigm.
Functional Programming
- A programming paradigm where computation is treated as an evaluation of mathematical functions.
- Avoids changing-state and mutable data.
- Features of functional programming include:
- Pure functions: output depends only on the input
- Recursion: a function that calls itself during its execution
- Referential transparency: an expression can be replaced with its corresponding value without changing the program's behavior
- Functions are first-class and can be higher-order
- Variables are immutable
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
- A framework where all real-world entities are represented by classes.
- Objects are instances of classes, and each object encapsulates a state and behavior.
- Features of OOP include:
- Encapsulation: hiding unnecessary details in classes and delivering a simple and clear interface
- Inheritance: a mechanism where a class can be derived from another class for a hierarchy of classes
- Data Abstraction: reducing a particular body of data to a simplified representation
- Polymorphism: the ability of a variable, function, or object to take on multiple forms
Other Paradigms
- Imperative: programming with an explicit sequence of commands that update state
- Declarative: programming by specifying the result you want, not how to get it
- Structured: programming with clean, goto-free, nested control structures
- Procedural: imperative programming with procedure calls
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Description
Test your knowledge on programming paradigms like Procedural Programming with this quiz from the College of Engineering's CPP 106 Lecture 2nd Semester Prelim. Learn about different programming styles and concepts.
