Software Design Programming Constructs: Programming Paradigms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Objects interact with each other by passing ______

messages

Encapsulation is a fundamental feature of Object-Oriented Programming where you hide unnecessary details in classes and deliver a simple and clear ______ for working.

interface

Inheritance is a mechanism where you can derive a class from another class for a hierarchy of classes that share a set of attributes and ______.

methods

Data Abstraction is the reduction of a particular body of data to a simplified representation of the ______.

<p>whole</p> Signup and view all the answers

Polymorphism is an object-oriented programming concept that refers to the ability of a variable, function, or object to take on multiple ______.

<p>forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common Paradigms Imperative: Programming with an explicit sequence of commands that update ______.

<p>state</p> Signup and view all the answers

Declarative: Programming by specifying the result you want, not how to ______ it.

<p>get</p> Signup and view all the answers

Structured: Programming with clean, goto-free, nested control ______.

<p>structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

Procedural: Imperative programming with ______ calls.

<p>procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

It describes the idea of bundling data and methods that work on that data within one ______.

<p>unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Programming Paradigms

  • A programming paradigm is a style or way of programming, and different languages make it easier to write in certain paradigms.

Procedural Programming

  • Also known as imperative programming, it is based on the concept of procedure calls.
  • Statements are structured into procedures (functions or subroutines) that are a list of instructions to tell the computer what to do step by step.
  • Procedural programming languages are known as top-down languages.
  • Examples of procedural programming languages include Fortran, C, and Cobol.
  • Features of procedural programming include:
    • Excellent for general-purpose programming
    • Coded simplicity and ease of implementation of compilers and interpreters
    • Large variety of books and online course material available on tested algorithms
    • Source code is portable
    • Code can be reused in different parts of the program
    • Program flow can be tracked easily with a top-down approach

Logical Programming

  • Based on mathematical logic, where program statements express facts and rules about problems within a system.
  • Rules are written as logical clauses with a head and a body.
  • Follows a declarative approach rather than an imperative approach.
  • Features of logical programming include:
    • Can express knowledge in a way that does not depend on the implementation
    • Programs are more flexible, compressed, and understandable
    • Enables knowledge to be separated from use
    • Can be altered and extended in natural ways to support special forms of knowledge
    • Can be used in non-computational disciplines relying on reasoning and precise means of expression
  • Prolog is an example of a language that follows the logical paradigm.

Functional Programming

  • A programming paradigm where computation is treated as an evaluation of mathematical functions.
  • Avoids changing-state and mutable data.
  • Features of functional programming include:
    • Pure functions: output depends only on the input
    • Recursion: a function that calls itself during its execution
    • Referential transparency: an expression can be replaced with its corresponding value without changing the program's behavior
    • Functions are first-class and can be higher-order
    • Variables are immutable

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

  • A framework where all real-world entities are represented by classes.
  • Objects are instances of classes, and each object encapsulates a state and behavior.
  • Features of OOP include:
    • Encapsulation: hiding unnecessary details in classes and delivering a simple and clear interface
    • Inheritance: a mechanism where a class can be derived from another class for a hierarchy of classes
    • Data Abstraction: reducing a particular body of data to a simplified representation
    • Polymorphism: the ability of a variable, function, or object to take on multiple forms

Other Paradigms

  • Imperative: programming with an explicit sequence of commands that update state
  • Declarative: programming by specifying the result you want, not how to get it
  • Structured: programming with clean, goto-free, nested control structures
  • Procedural: imperative programming with procedure calls

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Test your knowledge on programming paradigms like Procedural Programming with this quiz from the College of Engineering's CPP 106 Lecture 2nd Semester Prelim. Learn about different programming styles and concepts.

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