Sociology Quiz on Adaptations and Success
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Questions and Answers

What type of adaptation does Avery represent?

  • Retreatist (correct)
  • Rebellion
  • Ritualist
  • Conformist

    • Which adaptation does Ted exemplify?

  • Conformist (correct)
  • Ritualist
  • Innovator
  • Retreatist

    • What key belief does Ted hold about success?

  • Hard work is essential for achieving success. (correct)
  • Societal structure determines success.
  • Wealth is inherited and not earned.
  • Education is unnecessary for success.

    • Which individual grew up poor but achieved educational success?

    <p>Jerrell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason paternity leave is rarely taken in Canada?

    <p>It is not offered by most employers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does statistical discrimination refer to in the context of hiring practices?

    <p>Women are statistically more likely to leave for maternity leave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation involves accepting cultural goals but rejecting legitimate means?

    <p>Innovator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Avery view the formal education in art?

    <p>As a limitation to creative expression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of women leaving the workforce due to motherhood?

    <p>Employers may reduce training expenditures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation does not accept either cultural goals or legitimate means?

    <p>Retreatist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might businesses prefer male employees over female employees, according to the content?

    <p>Women statistically cost more due to maternity leave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal factor contributes to the gender pay gap according to the text?

    <p>Society views men as having superior work ethic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What belief does Jerrell's background reflect about education?

    <p>Education is critical for upward mobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'competition as a coercive force' imply about businesses?

    <p>Profit maximization can lead to discriminatory practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the final exam questions are based on post-midterm material?

    <p>66%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one implication of the greater expectations around motherhood for women in the workplace?

    <p>Women may be less available for overtime work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lecture contributes the most questions to the final exam?

    <p>Lecture 9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does discrimination against women contribute to the gender pay gap?

    <p>Men tend to receive higher starting salaries than women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should students ensure they have with them during the final exam?

    <p>Student card or official ID</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the administration of the final exam differ from the midterm exam?

    <p>It is overseen by strict presiding officers from the university.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of information is specifically NOT tested on the final exam?

    <p>Specific dates and statistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many questions from Lecture 6 contribute to the final exam?

    <p>5 questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will happen if a student starts the test before being instructed to do so?

    <p>Their exam may be ripped up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of resources does Prof McIvor provide for final exam preparation?

    <p>Practice midterms and answer keys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation does Jerrell embody by turning down high-paying corporate jobs to teach first-generation college students?

    <p>Ritualist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adaptation does Hank exhibit by rejecting the government and living off the land?

    <p>Rebellion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does conflict theory explain the connection between inequality and crime?

    <p>By highlighting how inequality drives economic crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one implication of Jerrell giving away most of his salary to scholarships?

    <p>It reflects his commitment to supporting future students.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes Hank's view of society?

    <p>He sees it as corrupted and inferior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common feature do both Jerrell and Hank exhibit despite their different choices?

    <p>They both reject societal expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might be a primary motivation for Jerrell to work with first-generation students rather than in a corporate job?

    <p>He aims to inspire and uplift others like himself.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following adaptations is least likely to be associated with crime?

    <p>Conformist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initial action did the person being arrested take towards the police officers?

    <p>He attempted to run away and assaulted an officer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason why sending the offender to jail may be considered negative?

    <p>It would potentially impact his future with a criminal record.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor complicates the sentencing of the wealthy 17-year-old who sold drugs?

    <p>He was pressured by his friends and has strong academic achievements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the wealthy teenager express during the court session?

    <p>Regret for his actions and a plea for leniency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In deciding on the appropriate punishment, what must the judge balance?

    <p>Fair punishment and societal protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a potential issue with giving the offender probation?

    <p>He might reoffend and face immediate jail time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the behavior of the former offender described during his interaction with the police?

    <p>Defensive and aggressive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major expectation from the teenager's parents regarding their son's behavior?

    <p>They promise to punish him and ensure he learns from this experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hypermasculinity characterized in the context of street environments?

    <p>A heightened form of masculinity emphasizing dominance and aggression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of disrespect in the context of street code?

    <p>A cycle of violence to restore lost standing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does institutional divestment play in crime according to the conflict perspective?

    <p>It decreases opportunities for social services to be effective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect greatly limits many residents' educational opportunities in dangerous neighborhoods?

    <p>Limited job options and future prospects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the definition of manhood evolve in communities with a breakdown of social regulation?

    <p>It requires displays of physical dominance to prove protection ability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does having a criminal record have on young individuals in the context of social housing?

    <p>It often forces them to leave home to retain benefits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is suggested as a significant barrier to education for many residents in dangerous neighborhoods?

    <p>Frequent suspensions and expulsions from school</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the conflict perspective, what is a necessary trait for navigating the street environment?

    <p>Aggression and control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Lecture 11: Social Control

    • Public behavior is always subject to social control
    • This control can be formal or informal

    Informal Social Control

    • Informal social control involves non-official attempts to enforce norms, laws, folkways, or other socially accepted behaviors
    • Examples include:
      • Classmates complaining about a difficult test to a professor
      • People joking about someone's new hairstyle or clothes
      • A friend stopping talking to you after you share a secret
      • Rihanna making a facial expression due to a selfie taken without permission

    Formal Social Control

    • Formal social control is an official form of control for violating the rules, laws, or regulations of a formal body.
    • Examples include:
      • A student failing a class for plagiarism
      • An employee's dismissal for sexual harassment
      • A person receiving a life sentence for first-degree murder

    Criminal Justice System

    • Comprised of Law Enforcement, Courts, and Prisons
    • Law Enforcement: Enforces laws, protects people and property, and prevents crime. Includes federal, provincial, city, and campus police.
    • Criminal Courts: Ensures laws are fairly executed with due process
    • Prisons: Ensures punishment enforcement and upholds public safety

    Four Crime Facts

    1. Every place has formal rules (laws), and people who break them vary greatly between countries.
    2. Most countries' criminal justice systems (law enforcement, courts, and prisons) have common components, though the execution of those components differs significantly.
    3. Adult males are disproportionately more suspected of committing crime, with perpetrators being male in a significant majority of crimes (ex: 80% of serial killers).
    4. Theft is the most common type of crime, while violent crime is relatively rare in most countries. Media representation of crime may distort views of the frequency of violent crime.

    Part 3: Why People Commit Crime

    • Crime is intentional
    • Crime has purpose by reaffirming societal goals (ex: The #MeToo movement)
    • Motivations for crime include:
      • Poverty: often leads people to commit crimes to provide for themselves and their families.
      • Educational failings and lack of opportunity: Limited educational progression may lead people to desperation or criminal acts
      • Institutional divestment in communities: A lack of good social services or opportunity within communities can lead to crime as a way of survival

    Merton's Strain Theory

    • Explains how people adapt to the inconsistency between social goals and legitimate means of achieving them.
    • This can lead to strain
    • Individuals have 5 adaptations they make when faced with strain:
      • Conformity
      • Innovation
      • Ritualism
      • Retreatism
      • Rebellion

    Culturally Defined Goals

    • Happiness, health, safety
    • Wealth, luxury, caring for family and friends

    Legitimate Means of Acquiring Goals

    • Education, employment
    • Other accepted means that do not involve education like social media stardom, entrepreneurship, etc.

    Conformity

    • Individuals accept the socially defined goals and strive for them with legitimate means

    Innovation

    • Individuals accept social goals but reject legitimate means
    • They instead find alternative methods (this often leads to criminal behavior)

    Ritualism

    • Individuals reject the social goals but continue employing the legitimate means

    Retreatism

    • Individuals reject both social goals and legitimate means

    Rebellion

    • Individuals reject both social goals and legitimate means, then create new goals and new means to achieve them

    Role of Media in Crime Perception

    • Media overemphasizes certain crimes and gives a distorted view of how common they are
    • This is significant because it can lead to feelings that these issues are more common than they actually are.

    Testing and Example Cases

    • Examples of individuals presented for the judge to analyze various situations of criminal behavior, with questions about the best outcome for a specific person.

    Toronto Neighborhoods Case Study

    • Discusses the role of police in marginalized neighborhoods and how that interaction leads to a street code and violence as a way of social regulation.
    • Demonstrates how issues in social systems lead to more complex outcomes in individuals.

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    Related Documents

    Thurs, Lecture 11: Crime & Deviance, SOC100, Prof. McIvor, PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in sociology related to adaptation, success, and gender dynamics in the workforce. It delves into different adaptations and their implications on education and employment, alongside the beliefs held by various individuals. Test your understanding of these critical ideas and their impact on society.

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