Sociology, Psychology & Anthropology Matching Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the sociological schools of thought with their focus:

Functionalism = How social structures work together to maintain society Conflict Theory = How power dynamics lead to social conflict Symbolic Interactionism = Individuals create society through social interaction Feminist Theory = How gender creates conflict

Match the psychological schools of thought with their key emphasis:

Psychoanalysis = Focus on unconscious experiences to explain behavior Behavioral Psychology = Study of observable behavior Cognitive Psychology = How the brain learns and processes information Humanistic Psychology = Helping patients understand themselves through therapy

Match the anthropological schools of thought with their core concept:

Cultural Relativism = Cultures can only be understood within their own context Functional Theory = Cultural beliefs serve individual needs Cultural Materialism = Culture influenced by environmental conditions Feminist Anthropology = Focus on gender issues in a culture

Match the key figures with their associated psychological school of thought:

Sigmund Freud = Psychoanalysis Ivan Pavlov = Behavioral Psychology Jean Piaget = Cognitive Psychology Abraham Maslow = Humanistic Psychology Signup and view all the answers

Match the key figures with their associated anthropological school of thought:

Franz Boas = Cultural Relativism Bronisław Malinowski = Functional Theory Margaret Mead = Feminist Anthropology No key figure provided = Postmodernism Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their related psychological school of thought:

Id, ego, superego = Psychoanalysis Classical and operant conditioning = Behavioral Psychology Schema, assimilation, accommodation = Cognitive Psychology Self-actualization = Humanistic Psychology Signup and view all the answers

Match the sociological concept to the appropriate approach to society:

Social Structures = Functionalism Power Dynamics = Conflict Theory Social Interaction = Symbolic Interactionism Gender Roles = Feminist Theory Signup and view all the answers

Match the anthropological concept with their main focus:

Culture cannot be compared = Cultural Relativism Beliefs meet the needs of individuals = Functional Theory Environment influences cultural development = Cultural Materialism Women's voices = Feminist Anthropology Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of socialization with their descriptions:

Primary Socialization = Learning basic skills needed to survive in society Secondary Socialization = Learning how to behave appropriately in group settings Anticipatory Socialization = Being able to think ahead and act accordingly Resocialization = Changing negative behavior into acceptable behavior Signup and view all the answers

Match the following agents of socialization with their corresponding categories:

Family = Primary agent of socialization Workplace = Secondary agent of socialization Peer Groups = Primary agent of socialization School = Secondary agent of socialization Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of roles with their descriptions:

Achieved Role = Earned through effort Ascribed Role = Assigned to an individual Gender Role = Expected behavior based on masculinity/femininity Social Role = Expected behavior in a social group Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

Wealth = Family material possessions result in respect and power Occupation = Level of job and potential for social mobility Personal Credentials = Influential groups create social opportunities Post-secondary Education = A degree that may lead to elite roles Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts related to social influence:

Conformity = Pressure to agree with group norms Internalization = Changing thoughts to meet expectations of authority Informal Sanction = Word of caution Formal Sanction = Expulsion from group Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

Socialization = Develops social skills and forms behavior in society Social inequality = Inability of some to attain access to privileges Collective Behavior = Large numbers of people display emotion together Social Norms = Expected idea of how to behave in a social group Signup and view all the answers

Match the concept with their definitions:

Family Influence = Internalized norms based on masculinity/femininity Gender roles = The way expected to act in a lifetime Social Class = Determined by gender,culture, age Social Status = Position in social hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their impact on women's roles:

Dual Earner Families = Increased women's participation in the workforce Pregnancy Prevention = Greater control over family planning Education Opportunities for Women = Expanded career and social opportunities Social Mobility = Ability to move up or down social hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

Match the following social concepts with their definitions:

Monogamy = A relationship with one partner Polygamy = Marriage with multiple partners Assimilation = Adopting the dominant culture Multiculturalism = Many cultures coexisting in one place Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its correct definition:

Race = Categorization based on physical appearance Ethnicity = Cultural heritage and background Prejudice = Opinions formed without reason Discrimination = Treating individuals differently Signup and view all the answers

Match these terms related to identity with their respective descriptions:

Bicultural identity = Identifying with two cultures Symbolic ethnicity = Ethnic identity associated with iconic cultural elements only Clan = Extended family based on kinship Polygyny = One husband with multiple wives Signup and view all the answers

Match the following early hominin species with their key characteristics:

Ardipithecus Ramidus = Showed signs of transitioning from quadrupedal to bipedal Australopithecus Anamensis = Bipedal, with forearms suggesting tree climbing Australopithecus Afarensis = Bipedal, 'Southern Ape of East Africa' Homo Habilis = Tool makers known as 'Handy Man' Signup and view all the answers

Match the early hominin species with their time period of living on earth:

Ardipithecus Ramidus = 4.4 million years ago Australopithecus Anamensis = 4.2 million years ago Australopithecus Afarensis = 3.8 million years ago Homo Habilis = 2.4-1.4 million years ago Signup and view all the answers

Match the hominin species with the geographical regions they were found in:

Australopithecus Anamensis = Northern Kenya Australopithecus Afarensis = Eastern Africa Homo Habilis = Eastern & Southern Africa Homo Erectus = Africa and Asia Signup and view all the answers

Match the later hominin species with their key behaviors or skills:

Homo Erectus = Walk and run long distances Homo Neanderthalensis = Skilled hunters, lived in shelters Homo sapiens = Vocal system developed, religion developed Homo Habilis = Tool makers Signup and view all the answers

Match the anthropologist with their primary area of study or contribution:

Raymond Dart = Paleoanthropology and discovery of Australopithecus africanus Franz Boas = Cultural relativism and focus on Indigenous cultures Bronislaw Malinowski = Participant observation and study of Trobriand Islanders Noam Chomsky = Theory of universal grammar Signup and view all the answers

Match the researcher with their primary area of primatology

Jane Goodall = Observed chimpanzees Dian Fossey = Observed gorillas Birute Galdikas = Primatology Charles Darwin = Concept of Natural Selection Signup and view all the answers

Match the anthropologist with their specific study or critique:

Margaret Mead = Samoan adolescence study Derek Freeman = Critique of Mead's Samoan study Louis & Mary Leakey = Radiometric dating and Out of Africa Theory Charles Darwin = Human variation Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its corresponding stage in rites of passage:

Segregation = Separation from society and one's original status Transition = Becoming a new self with a mentor Incorporation and reintegration = Reentering society with a new status Graduation = Turning 18 Signup and view all the answers

Match the gender with typical focus or societal expectations

Male = Physical and emotional challenges to prepare for adulthood Female = Preparation for womanhood, marriage, and family Men = Prioritize financial stability and career advancement Women = Balance career with traditional family roles Signup and view all the answers

Match the concept with its description or purpose:

Culture = Defines gender roles and societal expectations Rites of Passage = Marking one's transition from one status to another Religion = Satisfies psychological needs and provides community Natural Selection = How species evolve Signup and view all the answers

Match the elements related to the rites of passage.

Male rites = Are more physically challenging and painful Female rites = Are focused on menstruation and marriage Male Transition = Hardships to assist in male transformation Female Transition = Preparation for womanhood Signup and view all the answers

Match the anthropologist with their research methodology.

Bronislaw Malinowski = Participant observation Louis & Mary Leakey = Radiometric dating Franz Boas = Cultural relativism Jane Goodall = Observational studies Signup and view all the answers

Match the psychological concepts with their descriptions:

Self concept = Our sense of who we are based on our ideas about ourselves Fixation = Focus on an earlier stage of psychological development due to an unresolved conflict Heredity = Characteristics inherited through genetics Environmental Factors = Forces that nurture our personality as we grow and develop Signup and view all the answers

Match the Freudian concepts with their definitions:

Oedipus complex = Unconscious sexual desire towards mother (in boys) Electra complex = Unconscious sexual desire towards father (in girls) Neurosis = Emotional disorder with physical, mental & psychological symptoms Factor analysis = Used to evaluate relationships among a set of variables. Signup and view all the answers

Match the gender-related terms with their meanings:

Gender = Refers to being male or female Gender identity = Individual's sense of being male or female Gender role = Role society expects each gender to play Gender analysis = Analysis of gender relations Signup and view all the answers

Match the development theories of gender with their descriptions:

Social learning theory of gender = Children develop through observing and imitating gender behaviors, with rewards and punishments Gender schema theory = Children view themselves through a gendered lens, based on their learning of it. Gender intensification hypothesis = Psychological differences between genders become greater during adolescence due to pressure to conform to gender roles. Personality = An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behavior Signup and view all the answers

Match the anxiety disorders with their descriptions:

Simple phobia = Fear of a specific thing or situation Social phobia = Fear of social institutions and embarrassing themselves Agoraphobia = Irrational fear of unfamiliar situations (crowds) OCD = Obsession with exactness and symmetry Signup and view all the answers

Match the specified mental condition with its definition:

PTSD = Mental condition caused by a traumatizing event. Re-living the traumatic event through unwanted and recurring memories ADHD = Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Have trouble paying attention to details, following instructions, and completing tasks. Gender = Refers to being male/female Heredity = Characteristics inherited through genetics Signup and view all the answers

Match the concept to the description

Personality = An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behavior Neurosis = Emotional disorder with physical, mental & psychological symptoms Environmental factors = Forces that nurture our personality as we grow and develop Gender role = Role society expects each gender to play Signup and view all the answers

Match the concepts:

Fixation = Focus on an earlier stage of psychological development due to an unresolved conflict Gender identity = Individuals sense of being male/female Simple phobia = Fear of specific thing/situation ADHD = Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Signup and view all the answers

Match the following mental health terms with their definitions:

Mental illness = Disrupts mental state and how you feel, think, communicate and behave Psychoses = Loss of contact with reality (hallucinating) Delusions = A belief that is clearly false (someone thinks mom is trying to poison them) Hallucinations = False perceptions, where you sense an object, person, or event even though it is not really there/didn't happen Signup and view all the answers

Match the following perspectives with their focus:

Psychologists = Through our development during childhood Anthropologists = Shared among many Sociology = Result of the interactions between individuals None = No relationship with content provided Signup and view all the answers

Match the following psychosexual stages with their main focus:

Oral stage = Pleasure found in oral gratification, conflict when child weaned off mothers breast Anal stage = Pleasure in learning to control bowels, conflict when child is concerned with cleanliness or messiness due to potty training Phallic stage = Pleasure in awareness of sexual organs, oedipus and electra complexes Latency stage = Sexual drive in inactive during puberty, energy poured into asexual pursuits (schools, friends) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Piaget's stages of cognitive development with their descriptions:

Sensorimotor = Infants explore the world through direct sensory and motor contact. Preoperational = Children use words/images to represent objects but do not reason logically, egocentric during this stage Concrete operational = Child can think logically, understand conservation Formal operational = Adolescence can reason abstractly and think hypothetically Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Erikson's stages of psychosocial development with their age ranges:

Trust vs. mistrust = Birth to one year Initiative vs. guilt = 3-6 years Industry vs. inferiority = 6-12 years Intimacy vs. isolation = Young adulthood (20 - 40) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with the provided information:

Environmental factors = Factors external to the individual Biological factors = Factors related to the body Oedipus complex = Love-hate with same gender parent Penis envy = Girls lack something boys have Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Erikson's stages with their corresponding time period and challenge:

Autonomy vs. shame and doubt = 1-3 years, child attempts to be independent Ego identity vs. role diffusion = Adolescence (12-20), who am I? Generativity vs. stagnation = Middle adulthood (40 - 65), contributing to society Ego integrity vs. despair = Late adulthood (old age), satisfaction with life vs regret Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts from psychosexual stages of development with their outcomes

Oral stage conflict = Nail biting, smoking Anal stage conflict = Child is concerned with cleanliness or messiness due to potty training Phallic stage resolution = Child eventually identifies with same sex parent Genital stage development = Child's capacity to develop a normal relationship with the opposite sex. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Social science is the attempt to study people, their activity, behavior, and customs.
Humanities study the aspects of human society and culture.
Anthropology studies the lives and cultures of human beings (living and deceased).
Psychology studies behavior and mental processes.
Sociology studies human social life, groups, and societies.
Positivism is the idea that scientific evidence is the most reliable resource for understanding society.

Class Conflict

Class conflict refers to struggles between different social classes.

The Mind

The conscious mind contains memories that can be recalled.
The unconscious mind contains memories that cannot be recalled, but is a powerful tool in studying the human mind.
Free association is a technique where patients speak whatever comes to mind during relaxation (hypnosis), to help uncover hidden aspects of the unconscious mind.

Psychoanalytic Theory

Id is the pleasure principle, seeking satisfaction without considering rules, present at birth.
Ego is the reality principle, judging right from wrong, emerging in the early years of life.
Superego is the moral center of the mind, representing societal norms and values.
Archetypes are universal symbols or patterns present in the collective unconscious of all humans (Carl Jung).
Individual psychology focuses on individual goals and values that guide people.
Analytical psychology (Carl Jung) focuses on the personal and collective unconscious minds. Personal unconscious is unique. Collective unconscious is shared by all.

Psychological Schools of Thought

Psychoanalysis: Looks at internal experiences to explain behavior (Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler). Focuses on the id, ego, and superego and on the conscious and unconscious mind.
Behavioral psychology: Studies behavior (Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, B.F. Skinner).
Cognitive psychology: Examines how the brain learns (Jean Piaget, Albert Bandura).
Humanistic psychology: Focuses on self-understanding and self-actualization through therapy (Maslow).

Anthropological Schools of Thought

Cultural relativism: Cultures cannot be compared because each has its own set of rules that must be accepted.
Functional theory: Every belief in a culture meets the needs of individuals.
Cultural materialism: Material conditions in an environment influence a culture's development.
Feminist anthropology: Focuses on gender issues.
Postmodernism: Believes that objective truth cannot be known; everything is culturally constructed.

Research Methods

Case studies: Observing a group over time, used in all social sciences.
Experiments: Determine how factors are related, used in sociology.
Surveys: Gathering information from many people, used in sociology.
Interviews: Dialogue between interviewer and interviewee, used in all social sciences.
Unstructured observation: Studying without a hypothesis beforehand, used in sociology and anthropology.
Structured observation: Planning beforehand what to look for, used in all social sciences.
Participant observation: Observing participants in a society for a period of time, used in sociology.
Correlation Study: Looking at relationships between two or more variables to see if they're related.
Historical analysis: Examining evidence to understand the past. (e.g. assessing credibility of documents)
Content analysis: Analyzing the presence, meanings, and relationships of words, themes, etc. in text.

Sociological Schools of Thought

Functionalism: How social structures work together to help society function.
Conflict theory: Studies how power forms the basis of relationships between groups, and the conflict that it creates in society.
Symbolic interactionism: Studying individuals' roles in society and how people interact within their environment. The social construction of reality and symbols.
Feminist theory: Analyzes conflicts created by gender.

Socialization

Socialization is where people learn the necessary attitudes, behaviors, and values for society.
Primary socialization: Learning basic skills and behaving in society
Secondary socialization: Learning how to behave properly in different situations.
Anticipatory socialization: Thinking ahead and behaving accordingly - in anticipation of future roles and experiences.
Resocialization: Changing negative behaviors into acceptable ones.
Agents of socialization: Forces (family, peers, media, education) that teach people about the world and their place in it.
Manifest function: The intended purpose of a social pattern. (e.g. academics in school)
Latent function: The unintended (but often significant) outcome of a social pattern. (e.g. punctuality in school)
Peer groups: Social groups with shared interests.
Social roles: Expected behaviors in a social situation.
Situation view: Behavior changes depending on the encounter situation.
Personality view: Behavior shows consistency in multiple encounters.
Role identity: Acting in accordance with expectations in a specific role.
Group-based identity: Identity development from participation in social groups.
Ascribed roles: Roles assigned at birth.
Achieved roles: Roles earned through effort.
Social norms: Unwritten rules of behavior in a certain group or culture.

Social influence: Effects exerted by individuals (directly or indirectly) on other people's thoughts, feelings.
Direct influence: Individuals directly affecting others' opinions.
Indirect influence: Decisions based on anticipated future impact.
Primary socialization: Learning essential social skills in early childhood.
Secondary socialization: Learning appropriate social behavior in different contexts.
Anticipatory socialization: Learning behaviors appropriate for future roles.
Resocialization: Changing negative behaviors for better ones.
Feral children: Children raised by animals or without human interaction (isolated children).
Agents of socialization: The forces that shape one's attitudes, values, behavior and identity throughout life.

Social institutions: Shapes society's values, beliefs, and helps maintain order and function efficiently.
Personal institutions: Institutions that have a particular impact on individuals, like family.
Impersonal institutions: Institutions that impact large groups like the government or law.
Total institutions: Institutions that control almost every aspect of its members' lives. (e.g., boarding schools).

Additional Topics

Social inequality; conditions of social inequality (wealth, occupation, credentials).
Social inequality - impact of groups on society.
Sanctions - formal and informal sanctions used to encourage conformity to societal expectations.
Conformity - positive and negative aspects of conformity.
Groupthink - pressure to conform in groups.
Social institutions: Family, religion, education, government, economy.
Functions of social institutions.
Marriage across cultures.
Race and ethnicity.

Culture

Cultural and ethnic groups.
Cultural identity. Stage-model or acculturation theory.
Cultural differences in behavior.

Other

Obedience to authority.
Gender roles.

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Test your knowledge on the key concepts and figures from sociology, psychology, and anthropology. This quiz covers various schools of thought, their emphases, and the definitions associated with each discipline. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of these social sciences.