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Questions and Answers
What is intercultural communication primarily concerned with?
What is intercultural communication primarily concerned with?
What does the term 'societal' refer to?
What does the term 'societal' refer to?
Auguste Comte is known as the Father of Sociology.
Auguste Comte is known as the Father of Sociology.
True
Ideal culture refers to the actual behavior patterns exhibited by society's members.
Ideal culture refers to the actual behavior patterns exhibited by society's members.
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What is the process through which cultural patterns are adopted called?
What is the process through which cultural patterns are adopted called?
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What does ethnocentrism refer to?
What does ethnocentrism refer to?
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Language is a key factor in creating and preserving __________.
Language is a key factor in creating and preserving __________.
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__________ are formalized mores that are legislated, approved, and implemented in a society.
__________ are formalized mores that are legislated, approved, and implemented in a society.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Match each tradition with its description:
Match each tradition with its description:
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What is a complex system of human organization referred to in sociology?
What is a complex system of human organization referred to in sociology?
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Which of the following examples illustrates ethnocentrism?
Which of the following examples illustrates ethnocentrism?
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Xenocentrism is characterized by the glorification of one's own culture.
Xenocentrism is characterized by the glorification of one's own culture.
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Cultural elements are acquired biologically rather than learned through social interactions.
Cultural elements are acquired biologically rather than learned through social interactions.
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Who coined the term 'cultural relativism'?
Who coined the term 'cultural relativism'?
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Name one example of tradition mentioned in the content.
Name one example of tradition mentioned in the content.
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Study Notes
Societal Structure
- Originates from the French word "societal," meaning companionship.
- Represents a structured system of human organization following common laws, values, traditions, and customs.
Auguste Comte
- French philosopher known as the "Father of Sociology."
- Regarded as the "first philosopher of science."
Sociological Theory
- Defines society as a complex system composed of interrelated parts working together for solidarity and stability.
- Institutions like schools, government, hospitals, and churches fulfill specific functions within society.
Culture
- Complex set of learned beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, norms, and symbols shared by members of a society.
- Transmitted through socialization, also known as enculturation, where individuals adopt cultural patterns of their environment.
Tradition
- Social transmission of cultural heritage from one generation to another.
- Continuous learning and relearning as individuals progress through different life stages or social groups.
Examples of Tradition
- Bayanihan (community spirit).
- Respect for elders (Pagmamano).
- Celebrating an extended Christmas season.
- Special occasions like birthdays.
- Boodle fight (style of communal eating).
- Filipino love for singing and dancing.
- Festivals or "fiestas."
- Notable hospitality traits.
Learning Culture
- Cultural elements require social learning and cannot be inherited biologically.
- Observation, experience, and education play key roles in adopting cultural behaviors.
Language and Communication
- Language is vital in creating and preserving culture; it facilitates the sharing of beliefs and traditions.
- Intercultural communication studies how different cultures affect communication practices.
Cultural Dynamics
- Culture is dynamic, flexible, and constantly evolving over time.
- Real culture refers to actual behavior patterns, while ideal culture consists of societal guidelines and norms.
Norms and Values
- Norms are societal standards that dictate acceptable behavior.
- Folkways are norms governing everyday interactions.
- Mores are important customs that society enforces strictly.
- Laws are formalized mores that are legislated and implemented.
Symbols
- Symbols represent beliefs or meanings shared within cultures and carry specific significance for practitioners.
Ethnocentrism
- Belief in the superiority of one’s culture over others, a concept introduced by Ludwig Gumplowicz.
- It manifests in judgments about dietary practices, language expectations, and dress codes.
Xenocentrism
- Perception that one’s own culture or products are inferior to others, commonly referred to as "colonial mentality."
- Preference for foreign goods over local offerings.
Cultural Relativism
- Coined by Alain Locke, the first African-American Rhodes Scholar, emphasizing understanding cultures within their own context rather than through an ethnocentric lens.
Cultural Adjustment
- Experience of adapting to a new cultural environment, often associated with immigration or migration.
Cross-Cultural Interaction
- Cultures encounter one another through travel and communication, fostering a shared understanding and adaptation.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of sociology including its definition, major theories, and influential figures like Auguste Comte. Test your understanding of how societal frameworks operate and the interaction of their components. This quiz is designed for those keen on expanding their knowledge in social sciences.
