Sociology of Norms and Sanctions
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According to Campbell (1981), women are more likely to be cautioned than prosecuted for two possible reasons:

  • because they are victims of domestic violence or because they are immigrants
  • because they are wealthy or because they have high social status
  • because they are women or because they have factors associated with women (correct)
  • because they have a history of mental illness or because they are homeless

What percentage of the prison population was male in 2021?

  • 80%
  • 85%
  • 96% (correct)
  • 90%

What percentage of women serving sentences were serving sentences of less than 12 months?

  • 17% (correct)
  • 15%
  • 20%
  • 10%

According to Heidensohn (1985), women are treated more harshly when they commit crimes that involve:

<p>deviations from gender norms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of crimes are deemed legitimate for women to commit, according to the text?

<p>Crimes that are in line with their femininity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Geppert (2022), female defendants are treated leniently due to:

<p>the responsibilities they are expected to uphold in the family (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is relative deprivation defined as?

<p>An actual or perceived lack of resources required to maintain the quality of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between relative deprivation and absolute deprivation?

<p>One compares to the norms of the group and the other is about individual circumstances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of relative poverty?

<p>A household income that is 50% less than the median income (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between folkways and mores?

<p>Folkways relate to convention, while mores relate to moral conduct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the term 'taboo'?

<p>It comes from the Polynesian word for 'sacred' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to feelings of injustice, even when absolute conditions have improved?

<p>Relative poverty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of 'breaching experiments' in sociology?

<p>To explore the construction of social norms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of expectations in relative deprivation?

<p>Expectations about the standard of living are based on the norms of the group (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between relative deprivation and political marginalisation?

<p>They are interrelated concepts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to sociologists, what determines whether an act is deviant or not?

<p>How society reacts to the act (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key idea behind the social construction of deviance?

<p>That deviance is constructed by society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of deviance provided by Fulcher and Scott?

<p>Nonconformity to social norms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of harms are not treated as criminal by the state?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of Indigenous Criminology?

<p>It focuses on state-run justice processes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do criminal researchers get money for doing certain research?

<p>To receive remuneration via contractual relations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a non-state means to address crime?

<p>Neighborhood watch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of Indigenous Criminology's limited critical analysis?

<p>It is largely devoid of historical context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of procedural ethics in relation to indigenous methodologies?

<p>It ignores the cultural context of the population being studied (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for ensuring community-driven research according to Indigenous Research Ethics Protocols in Canada?

<p>Collective consent and ownership (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Indigenous Research Methods such as Storytelling and Oral history interviews?

<p>To resist colonial narratives and promote Indigenous Ways of Knowing and Being (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'data sovereignty' in the context of indigenous research?

<p>Data access is highly restricted to the general public (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to Indigenize research-ethics processes according to Jennifer Grenz?

<p>Giving up control and subtracting dominant approaches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Indigenous Research Ethics Protocols in Canada?

<p>To ensure community-driven research and prevent research extraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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