Sociology: Crime, Poverty, and Inequality
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Questions and Answers

Which group of crimes occupies most of the time and attention of the criminal justice system?

  • Corporate crime
  • Political crime
  • Street crime (correct)
  • Occupational crime
  • What is 'event-driven poverty'?

  • A situation where one foolishly spends in poverty
  • Poverty resulting from economic downturns
  • Poverty that one inherits from family
  • Poverty caused by significant life changes like divorce (correct)
  • According to a functionalist perspective, why does Canada have inequality?

  • Powerful groups maintaining their positions
  • Inequality is avoidable due to societal harmony
  • Different perceptions of wealth
  • Inequality as a necessary societal feature (correct)
  • A/an ___________________ status is a social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life.

    <p>Ascribed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combined measure used by sociologists to classify individuals based on income, occupation, and education?

    <p>Social class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which focus would a conflict perspective on socialization explore?

    <p>Reproduction of social class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When infants are deprived of human contact, they do not develop the characteristics that most consider 'human'. Is this statement true or false?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a closed system of stratification, boundaries between levels are flexible. Is this statement true or false?

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory suggests that members of a privileged racial group develop prejudices to maintain their labor market position?

    <p>Split labour market theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What best describes the medicalization of women's health issues?

    <p>It can be highly subjective and may not always serve women's interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Chinese Exclusionary Act is an example of which type of discrimination?

    <p>De-jure discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory is most aligned with the view of gender as a social construct?

    <p>Feminism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Assimilation occurs when a marginalized group is:

    <p>Absorbed into the dominant culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes race from ethnicity in sociological terms?

    <p>One can have multiple ethnic identities but belongs to only one racial group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the practice of one female marrying multiple males?

    <p>Polyandry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding hunting and gathering societies is accurate?

    <p>Women often have a crucial role in food gathering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept that suggests one's culture is superior to others is labeled as what?

    <p>Ethnocentrism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interactionist explanations of family problems emphasize what aspect?

    <p>Social constructions of family issues and their impacts on individual experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of social stratification, what is a family of orientation?

    <p>The family in which an individual is raised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes gender differences in hunting and gathering societies?

    <p>Both genders have equal roles in food sourcing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the institution where one individual marries multiple individuals of the opposite sex?

    <p>Polygamy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes individuals whose physical sex characteristics fall outside the boundaries of male/female dualisms?

    <p>Individuals with intersex traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is the most direct example of systemic racism in Canada?

    <p>Discriminatory immigration policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Gender Gap Index, which area did Canada score the highest in for 2014?

    <p>Educational attainment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which race relations approach aims to eliminate social, economic, and political forms of racism through legal steps?

    <p>Affirmative action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From an exchange theory perspective, who seems to benefit the most from hypogamy?

    <p>Low status man</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Talcott Parsons’s concept of the sick role, which statement correctly characterizes the sick person?

    <p>The sick person is expected to seek treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about people who identify as non-binary?

    <p>They must choose between male and female identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a key difference between race and ethnicity?

    <p>Race usually refers to physical characteristics, while ethnicity refers to cultural identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is not considered a social determinant of health?

    <p>Genetic disposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does multiculturalism aim to address issues of ethnic stratification?

    <p>By recognizing and celebrating diverse cultural identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause for the health disparities observed in Aboriginal populations?

    <p>Inequitable conditions in their communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does John Porter’s analysis of ethnic groups in Canada highlight regarding social resources?

    <p>Ethnic stratification exists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option best describes gender according to sociological definitions?

    <p>Social roles and expectations related to being male or female</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sociological theory is known for supporting traditional views of gender roles?

    <p>Functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately contrasts race and ethnicity?

    <p>Ethnicity is related to culture, whereas race is based on physical characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors may negatively influence health outcomes but is not primarily biological in nature?

    <p>Access to healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the differences attributed to biological and anatomical traits between the sexes?

    <p>Sex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of sociology, which option best describes the term 'vertical mosaic'?

    <p>Hierarchical stratification of ethnic groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a misconception about the role of genetics in health disparities?

    <p>Health outcomes are solely determined by genetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family form is characterized by individuals adopted or raised together, regardless of biological ties?

    <p>Chosen family</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept refers to the hierarchical structure in which men hold most power in cultural, political, and economic systems?

    <p>Patriarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does racialization refer to in the context of societal structures?

    <p>The social process of attributing racial characteristics to a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reason is NOT typically cited by social conflict theorists as a way the family perpetuates social inequality?

    <p>Women gaining control over their reproductive choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social perspectives, how is ethnicity typically defined?

    <p>Cultural differences including language and customs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the conclusion drawn regarding gender differences in math performance by Cummins' (2014) analysis?

    <p>There is negligible difference in performance between genders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the terms race and ethnicity differ in sociological discourse?

    <p>Race concerns physical traits, whereas ethnicity encompasses shared cultural practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is essential in understanding how families influence socialization and societal inequality?

    <p>Socioeconomic status and family wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept involves the structural inequalities and power dynamics influenced by gender?

    <p>Sexism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a blended family from a nuclear family?

    <p>Blended families include children from previous relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Crime Classification and Types

    • Street crime, violent crime, and corporate crime are significant areas of focus in the criminal justice system
    • Street crime and violent crime, as well as corporate crime, likely occupy substantial time and consideration from the criminal justice system.

    Poverty and its Causes

    • "Event-driven poverty" describes poverty resulting from life-altering events like divorce or widowhood.
    • Economic downturns and recessions are also factors that can contribute to poverty. High unemployment from an economic downturn is one way a recession causes poverty.
    • Poverty can be perpetuated by spending patterns of people in poverty.

    Inequality and the Functionalist Perspective

    • A functionalist perspective on inequality suggests inequality is an unavoidable and necessary component of Canadian society.
    • This perspective does not view inequality as a problem to be solved, but rather as a natural aspect of the social order.
    • A functionalist perspective on social inequality does not consider factors such as the actions of elites to maintain power.

    Social Class Measurement

    • Sociologists assess social class through a combined measure of factors such as income, occupation, and education.
    • This measure of determining social class is referred to as social class.

    Socialization and Conflict Perspective

    • A conflict perspective on socialization examines how social class is reinforced through families.

    Socialization and Infant Development

    • Deprivation of human contact in infancy can inhibit the development of typical human characteristics.

    Stratification Systems

    • Closed stratification systems have fixed boundaries between social levels, rather than having a more fluid system.

    Biological vs. Sociological Explanations

    • The case of Anna, a deprived child, demonstrates the importance of social factors in development, not just biology.

    Total Institutions

    • Characteristics of total institutions include seclusion, a restriction of freedom of association, depersonalization, and indoctrination.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate relationships between crime classification, the causes of poverty, and the functionalist perspective on inequality in Canadian society. This quiz covers significant themes within sociology, emphasizing how these social issues interact and affect individuals and communities. Test your understanding of these foundational concepts.

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