Sociology Concepts and Theories

<p>The institution fails to adequately reflect the diverse needs and perspectives within society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal troubles can stem from underlying public issues, but they are not always directly connected. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are based on empirical evidence and objective analysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ignores the social context in which crime occurs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Offers a simplistic solution without addressing root causes of crime. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing the complex interplay of personal choices and social structures in shaping individual outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It helps us understand how individual experiences are shaped by broader historical events and social changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To maintain an objective and unbiased analysis of social phenomena. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A highly-paid executive who prioritizes upholding company regulations and procedures even though they have little personal ambition for advancement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a greater fear of social consequences and sanctions if they violate social norms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A business owner who uses legal loopholes to avoid paying taxes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A teenager raised in a low-income neighborhood, with parents who engage in criminal activities, also becomes involved in crime. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deviant behavior that is perpetuated by social interactions and societal reactions to an individual’s label as deviant. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A young individual being arrested for shoplifting for the first time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subcultural Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual who rejects both societal goals and traditional means of achieving them and has withdrawn from society. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of individuals who reject conventional social norms and establish their own community based on alternative values. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is limited to specific professions, like healthcare. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adapting to the values and norms of specific subcultures within a larger society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a tool for reinforcing social inequalities, perpetuating dominant groups' power and privilege. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A young child learning table manners through observation and imitation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Family, through observation and imitation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenging existing power structures and promoting revolutionary change. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The influence of a person's social environment on their beliefs and values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lifelong learning encompasses socialization, as individuals adapt to new social environments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As a top-down process where those in power transmit norms and values to others. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of religion losing its authority over individuals and society.

Conclusions drawn from limited knowledge and subjective assessments based on hearsay or prejudice.

Established norms, values, and rules structuring human interactions in society.

The ability to connect personal experiences with larger social forces.

Personal troubles affect individuals, while public issues require societal solutions.

Connecting personal life experiences with historical context to understand societal influences.

Larger dynamics like economic conditions and culture that influence individual choices.

Subjective opinions that misrepresent social issues and lack evidence.

Values are ideal beliefs, while value judgments are subjective opinions without evidence.

Oversimplified claims about social issues overlook complex realities and contexts.

Significant alterations in social structures, cultural norms, and values over time.

Essential for sociologists to avoid subjective biases for objective analysis.

Preparing for future roles before they are assumed.

Occurs in early childhood through family; foundation for social behaviors.

Adapting to subcultures within larger society after primary socialization.

The lifelong process of learning societal norms and customs.

Socialization continues throughout an individual's life.

Establishing a sense of self influenced by interactions with others.

Views socialization as a top-down process where power holders teach norms.

Examines how socialization reinforces existing inequalities in society.

Behaviors specific to certain subcultures learned during secondary socialization.

Crimes that are illegal and highly harmful, such as murder.

Financial crimes committed in professional settings, often by individuals in positions of power.

People commit crimes when societal goals exceed opportunities available to them, creating strain.

Accepting both the societal goals and the means to achieve them, commonly through hard work.

Accepting societal goals but rejecting traditional means to achieve them, often resorting to crime.

Rejecting societal goals but clinging to the means, like a bureaucrat without ambition.

Rejecting both societal goals and means, often seen in drug addicts or the homeless.

Rejecting societal goals and means, while striving to create new alternatives, like activists.

Being labeled as deviant can reinforce criminal behavior and lead to further deviance.