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Sociological Theories of the Self
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Sociological Theories of the Self

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@UnselfishStrength

Questions and Answers

What was one consequence for infants in the orphanage studied by Rene Spitz?

  • They were taught to walk and talk by caregivers.
  • They experienced physical, emotional, and social impairments. (correct)
  • They grew healthier without human contact.
  • They developed strong communication skills.

    • How did the father of the feral child communicate with her?

  • He used gestures and sign language.
  • He made animal-like sounds. (correct)
  • He spoke to her in normal sentences.
  • He sang lullabies to her.

    • What was a notable impact on the feral child by the time she was discovered at age 13?

  • She could neither stand straight nor speak. (correct)
  • She had developed a high level of intelligence.
  • She was able to walk and talk fluently.
  • She could only stand straight.

    • What is essential for a person to achieve physical and mental development?

    <p>Consistent human interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main idea behind the concept of the self as presented?

    <p>The self is developed through interaction with others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily determines personal efficacy?

    <p>Nature of personal experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social behaviorism, what is the 'self' composed of?

    <p>Self-awareness and self-image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social experience influence in an individual?

    <p>Personality development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitates the development of self according to the theory discussed?

    <p>Interactions with others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect cannot contribute to personal efficacy?

    <p>Experiencing personal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of taking on the role of another?

    <p>Participating in a role-playing activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mode of communication is unique to human social experience?

    <p>Physical gestures and symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does social experience provide for personality according to the discussed theories?

    <p>Framework for development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Looking-Glass Self Theory suggest about a person's self-image?

    <p>It is influenced by how others perceive and treat them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the Looking-Glass Self Theory involves imagining how one appears to others?

    <p>Imagination Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of self-esteem within the Looking-Glass Self framework?

    <p>It requires feedback from others to develop.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a principle of self-esteem as outlined in the Looking-Glass Self Theory?

    <p>Social Comparison Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Goffman refer to as 'losing face'?

    <p>Experiencing embarrassment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a person typically evaluate their own self-image according to the Looking-Glass Self Theory?

    <p>By assessing how they believe others judge them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the frontstage of interaction, how do people typically behave?

    <p>They present themselves according to societal expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does social interaction play in the Looking-Glass Self Theory?

    <p>It is essential for shaping self-perceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best exemplifies Phase 2 of the Looking-Glass Self Theory?

    <p>A teenager worrying about peer acceptance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'script' refer to in Goffman's Dramaturgical Analysis?

    <p>A guideline for how to behave based on status and roles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Dramaturgical Analysis in relation to the self?

    <p>The presentation of self in everyday life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered a flaw in a person's performance according to Goffman?

    <p>A deviation from the expected script</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Goffman view everyday behavior in terms of spontaneity?

    <p>It largely follows social patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two parts of the self according to the theory discussed?

    <p>I and Me</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of self-concept development do children respond only through imitation?

    <p>Preparatory stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'Me' represent in the self development theory?

    <p>The objective perception of how others view oneself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do children begin to take the roles of significant others?

    <p>Play stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does behaviorism relate to the concept of self according to the theory presented?

    <p>It highlights how actions are initiated by the 'I' but judged by the 'Me'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do internalized social values have on an individual?

    <p>They become part of one’s personality as the 'Me'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of dramaturgical analysis?

    <p>The study of social interactions as theatrical performances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the Game stage in self-concept development?

    <p>Children can simultaneously understand multiple roles and social expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Feral Children

    • Severe isolation can impede cognitive and social development in children.
    • Example: A girl, found at 13, had experienced extreme neglect, unable to stand or speak due to confinement.
    • Rene Spitz (1945) found that infants left without human interaction suffered significant physical and emotional impairments.
    • Over a third of infants in an orphanage died after two years, and survivors faced disabilities in communication and self-care.

    Social Construction of Self

    • Self is a psychological construct aiding individuals in understanding themselves and their environment.
    • Without social interaction, an individual may not develop physically or mentally, jeopardizing survival.
    • Most theories emphasize the social nature of self-development.

    Sociological Theories of the Self

    Looking-Glass Self Theory

    • Proposed by Charles Cooley, it suggests that self-image is shaped by perceptions of how others view us.
    • Phases of development:
      • Imagining Appearance: Individual thinks about how they appear to others.
      • Imagining Judgment: Individual speculates how others judge that appearance.
      • Self-Evaluation: The combined reflections influence personal identity and self-esteem.

    Self-Esteem and Personal Efficacy

    • Self-esteem involves the perception of one’s value, shaped by social interactions and comparisons.
    • Personal efficacy is defined as the belief in overcoming challenges to achieve goals:
      • Influenced by personal experiences and successes.

    Social Behaviorism

    • George Herbert Mead theorized that self-awareness develops through social interactions.
    • Concepts of "I" (subjective, active self) and "Me" (objective, societal perception) facilitate this understanding.
    • Through social experiences, individuals learn to navigate norms and values, integrating them into their identity.

    Dramaturgical Analysis

    • Proposed by Erving Goffman, compares social interactions to theatrical performances.
    • Individuals act like actors, following learned scripts that dictate behavior, based on status and social roles.
    • Frontstage behavior reflects expected norms, while backstage reveals true self.
    • Embarrassment occurs when performances fail, but audience may forgive flaws, allowing the performer to maintain social roles.
    • Social behavior is often less spontaneous and more patterned than expected.

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    Description

    Explore essential sociological theories that explain the development of the self, including the Looking Glass Self and Dramaturgical Analysis. This quiz will test your understanding of how social interactions shape individual identities and behavior. Dive deep into concepts that illustrate the relationship between society and the self.

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