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Questions and Answers
What was one consequence for infants in the orphanage studied by Rene Spitz?
What was one consequence for infants in the orphanage studied by Rene Spitz?
How did the father of the feral child communicate with her?
How did the father of the feral child communicate with her?
What was a notable impact on the feral child by the time she was discovered at age 13?
What was a notable impact on the feral child by the time she was discovered at age 13?
What is essential for a person to achieve physical and mental development?
What is essential for a person to achieve physical and mental development?
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What is the main idea behind the concept of the self as presented?
What is the main idea behind the concept of the self as presented?
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What primarily determines personal efficacy?
What primarily determines personal efficacy?
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According to social behaviorism, what is the 'self' composed of?
According to social behaviorism, what is the 'self' composed of?
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What does social experience influence in an individual?
What does social experience influence in an individual?
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What facilitates the development of self according to the theory discussed?
What facilitates the development of self according to the theory discussed?
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Which aspect cannot contribute to personal efficacy?
Which aspect cannot contribute to personal efficacy?
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What is an example of taking on the role of another?
What is an example of taking on the role of another?
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What mode of communication is unique to human social experience?
What mode of communication is unique to human social experience?
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What does social experience provide for personality according to the discussed theories?
What does social experience provide for personality according to the discussed theories?
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What does the Looking-Glass Self Theory suggest about a person's self-image?
What does the Looking-Glass Self Theory suggest about a person's self-image?
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Which phase of the Looking-Glass Self Theory involves imagining how one appears to others?
Which phase of the Looking-Glass Self Theory involves imagining how one appears to others?
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What is a key characteristic of self-esteem within the Looking-Glass Self framework?
What is a key characteristic of self-esteem within the Looking-Glass Self framework?
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Which of the following is NOT a principle of self-esteem as outlined in the Looking-Glass Self Theory?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of self-esteem as outlined in the Looking-Glass Self Theory?
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What does Goffman refer to as 'losing face'?
What does Goffman refer to as 'losing face'?
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How does a person typically evaluate their own self-image according to the Looking-Glass Self Theory?
How does a person typically evaluate their own self-image according to the Looking-Glass Self Theory?
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In the frontstage of interaction, how do people typically behave?
In the frontstage of interaction, how do people typically behave?
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What role does social interaction play in the Looking-Glass Self Theory?
What role does social interaction play in the Looking-Glass Self Theory?
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Which of the following best exemplifies Phase 2 of the Looking-Glass Self Theory?
Which of the following best exemplifies Phase 2 of the Looking-Glass Self Theory?
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What does the term 'script' refer to in Goffman's Dramaturgical Analysis?
What does the term 'script' refer to in Goffman's Dramaturgical Analysis?
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What is the primary focus of Dramaturgical Analysis in relation to the self?
What is the primary focus of Dramaturgical Analysis in relation to the self?
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What is considered a flaw in a person's performance according to Goffman?
What is considered a flaw in a person's performance according to Goffman?
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How does Goffman view everyday behavior in terms of spontaneity?
How does Goffman view everyday behavior in terms of spontaneity?
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What are the two parts of the self according to the theory discussed?
What are the two parts of the self according to the theory discussed?
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In which stage of self-concept development do children respond only through imitation?
In which stage of self-concept development do children respond only through imitation?
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What does the 'Me' represent in the self development theory?
What does the 'Me' represent in the self development theory?
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During which stage do children begin to take the roles of significant others?
During which stage do children begin to take the roles of significant others?
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How does behaviorism relate to the concept of self according to the theory presented?
How does behaviorism relate to the concept of self according to the theory presented?
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What effect do internalized social values have on an individual?
What effect do internalized social values have on an individual?
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What is the primary focus of dramaturgical analysis?
What is the primary focus of dramaturgical analysis?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the Game stage in self-concept development?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Game stage in self-concept development?
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Study Notes
Feral Children
- Severe isolation can impede cognitive and social development in children.
- Example: A girl, found at 13, had experienced extreme neglect, unable to stand or speak due to confinement.
- Rene Spitz (1945) found that infants left without human interaction suffered significant physical and emotional impairments.
- Over a third of infants in an orphanage died after two years, and survivors faced disabilities in communication and self-care.
Social Construction of Self
- Self is a psychological construct aiding individuals in understanding themselves and their environment.
- Without social interaction, an individual may not develop physically or mentally, jeopardizing survival.
- Most theories emphasize the social nature of self-development.
Sociological Theories of the Self
Looking-Glass Self Theory
- Proposed by Charles Cooley, it suggests that self-image is shaped by perceptions of how others view us.
- Phases of development:
- Imagining Appearance: Individual thinks about how they appear to others.
- Imagining Judgment: Individual speculates how others judge that appearance.
- Self-Evaluation: The combined reflections influence personal identity and self-esteem.
Self-Esteem and Personal Efficacy
- Self-esteem involves the perception of one’s value, shaped by social interactions and comparisons.
- Personal efficacy is defined as the belief in overcoming challenges to achieve goals:
- Influenced by personal experiences and successes.
Social Behaviorism
- George Herbert Mead theorized that self-awareness develops through social interactions.
- Concepts of "I" (subjective, active self) and "Me" (objective, societal perception) facilitate this understanding.
- Through social experiences, individuals learn to navigate norms and values, integrating them into their identity.
Dramaturgical Analysis
- Proposed by Erving Goffman, compares social interactions to theatrical performances.
- Individuals act like actors, following learned scripts that dictate behavior, based on status and social roles.
- Frontstage behavior reflects expected norms, while backstage reveals true self.
- Embarrassment occurs when performances fail, but audience may forgive flaws, allowing the performer to maintain social roles.
- Social behavior is often less spontaneous and more patterned than expected.
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Description
Explore essential sociological theories that explain the development of the self, including the Looking Glass Self and Dramaturgical Analysis. This quiz will test your understanding of how social interactions shape individual identities and behavior. Dive deep into concepts that illustrate the relationship between society and the self.
