44 Questions
According to Plato, which part of the soul desires bodily pleasures?
Appetite part
According to Socrates, what is the only true wisdom?
Knowing you know nothing
According to Aristotle, what is the best way to gain knowledge?
Through natural philosophy
According to Plato, the true self is composed of which part?
Soul
According to Descartes, what is the essence of oneself?
Mind
According to Locke, personal identity is founded on what?
Experience
According to Hume, the self is described as what?
A bundle of perceptions
According to the text, which philosopher rejected the theory that mental states are separable from physical states?
David Hume
According to the text, which Eastern philosophy emphasizes the importance of knowing oneself?
Taoism
According to the text, which concept refers to an individual's subjective evaluation of their own worth?
Self-esteem
According to the text, which philosopher believed that the mind is a blank slate and all knowledge comes from experience?
John Locke
According to the text, what is the purpose of the false self?
To anticipate demands of others
According to the text, why do we speak of 'consciousness of acts of experiencing' rather than 'consciousness of an experience'?
To highlight the multiplicity of conscious states
According to the text, what is the role of the obedient self?
To comply with external rules
According to William James, which of the following is NOT a component of the 'Me-self'?
Pure Ego
According to Carl Rogers, what does his theory of personality development emphasize?
Human potential
According to Thomas Hylland Eriksen, what is the relationship between globalization and the politics of identity?
Globalization strengthens local identities
What is the concept of the 'looking-glass self' in sociology?
The self as a reflection of significant others
According to Carl Rogers, which of the following terms is used to describe personality domains?
Multiple Self
What is the main difference between the real self and the ideal self?
The real self is who we actually are, while the ideal self is how we want to be.
What can happen when there is a significant incongruence between the real self and the ideal self?
Feelings of demoralization and discouragement
According to the text, what is the role of the unified self in mental and emotional well-being?
It plays a vital role in creativity
Which biomolecule is the most abundant in plants?
Carbohydrates
What is the molecular formula of simple carbohydrates?
CH2O
What is the function of monosaccharides in the human body?
They provide energy during their oxidation and a short-term energy reserve.
Which compound is chiral and rotates light towards right (clockwise)?
Dextrorotatory compound
Which classification of monosaccharides is based on the number of carbon atoms?
Hexose
What is the dominant form of glucose found in nature and an important source of human nutrition?
Dextrose
Which compound is the sweetest tasting of all sugars and found in many fruits and honey?
Fructose
Which type of stereoisomers differ in most chemical and physical properties?
Diastereomers
What is the highest-numbered chiral center used to determine D or L configuration in Fischer projections?
The first chiral center
Which type of stereoisomers differ only in the configuration at one chiral center?
Epimers
What is the relationship between the interaction of enantiomers with plane polarized light and their concentration?
The direction and extent of rotation depend on concentration
Which of the following is a heteropolysaccharide?
Hyaluronic acid
Which of the following is NOT a function of hyaluronic acid?
Blood anticoagulant
Which of the following is a characteristic of chitin?
Gives rigidity to exoskeletons of arthropods
Which of the following is a characteristic of monosaccharides?
They exist in two forms: left-handed and right-handed.
What is the main difference between disaccharides and polysaccharides?
Disaccharides are commonly found associated with proteins and lipids, while polysaccharides serve structural and regulatory functions.
What is the term used to describe molecules that have the same molecular and structural formulas but differ in the orientation of atoms in space?
Stereoisomers
What is the purpose of the Fischer projection formula?
To represent the spatial arrangement of groups about chiral centers in molecules.
Which type of monosaccharides can exist in different forms, such as α and β, depending on the position of the -OH groups?
Anomers
What is the two-dimensional notation that shows the three-dimensional structure of cyclic monosaccharides called?
Haworth projection formula
What determines the specific identity of a monosaccharide in the Haworth projection formula?
Positioning of -OH groups
What are long chains of monosaccharide units bonded by glycosidic linkages called?
Polysaccharides
Study Notes
Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides: Structures and Functions
- Monosaccharides can exist in different forms, such as α and β, depending on the position of the -OH groups.
- Haworth projection formula is a two-dimensional notation that shows the three-dimensional structure of cyclic monosaccharides.
- Anomers are cyclic monosaccharides that differ in the position of substituents on the anomeric carbon atom.
- The configuration of monosaccharides can be α or β, determined by the direction of the -OH groups.
- Monosaccharides can form pyranose (six-atom ring) or furanose (five-atom ring) structures.
- The positioning of -OH groups in the Haworth projection formula determines the specific identity of a monosaccharide.
- Monosaccharides can undergo oxidation to produce acidic sugars, such as aldaric acids and alduronic acids.
- Reduction of the carbonyl group in monosaccharides yields sugar alcohols or alditols.
- Glycoside formation involves the replacement of the hemiacetal carbon -OH group with an -OR group, producing acetal derivatives.
- Disaccharides, such as lactose and maltose, are formed by the glycosidic linkage between two monosaccharides.
- Blood types are determined by the presence of specific oligosaccharides on the plasma membranes of red blood cells.
- Polysaccharides, such as cellulose and glycogen, are long chains of monosaccharide units bonded by glycosidic linkages.
Test your knowledge of the looking-glass self and the concept of the social-self in this informative quiz. Explore the essential characteristics that distinguish individuals and delve into the introspective nature of the self. Challenge yourself and uncover the complexities of personal identity.
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