Sociological Perspectives on the Self in Modern Society
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Questions and Answers

In pre-modern society, how much choice did individuals have in deciding where to live and what work to do?

  • No choice, as these decisions were made by the government
  • Very little choice, as these decisions were largely determined by tradition and rules (correct)
  • Complete freedom to decide where to live and what work to do
  • Limited choice, but individuals had some say in these decisions

    • How has modernization affected individuals' freedom and choices in modern society?

  • It has decreased people's choices and freedom about what to do with their lives
  • It has had no impact on people's choices and freedom
  • It has increased people's choices and freedom about what to do with their lives (correct)
  • It has made people's choices and freedom more difficult to navigate

    • According to the sociological approach to self and identity, what is the relationship between the self and society?

  • There is a reciprocal relationship between the self and society (correct)
  • The self completely determines society
  • Society completely determines the self
  • The self has no influence on society

    • How does society influence the self according to the sociological approach?

    <p>Through shared language and meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of society in relation to individuals, according to the text?

    <p>Society exists to serve individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the text, how does modernization impact individuals' guidance in making life choices?

    <p>Individuals today have little guidance on which options are the right ones or how they should proceed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the situational approach, how is society viewed?

    <p>As always being created through the interpretations and definitions of actors in situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key to understanding the link between self and society according to the structural approach?

    <p>Patterns of behavior within and between individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes social structure, based on the text?

    <p>The patterns of behavior across individuals that fit with the patterns of others to create larger patterns of behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which perspective do we assume that society is stable and durable?

    <p>Structural approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mind according to Mead (1934)?

    <p>The thinking part of the self</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does self emerge according to the text?

    <p>Out of the mind, which arises and develops out of social interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is self-concept generally thought of as?

    <p>The sum total of thoughts, feelings, and imaginations as to who we are</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who defined the self-concept as the sum total of our thoughts, feelings, and imaginations as to who we are?

    <p>(Rosenberg, 1979)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Self emerges out of the mind, the mind as arising and developing out of social interaction" was proposed by:

    <p>(Mead, 1934)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Patterns of behavior within and between individuals have different levels of analysis" is a key concept in:

    <p>(Stryker, 1980)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does anthropology view the self as?

    <p>A culturally shaped construct or ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the most common distinctions between cultures and people according to the text?

    <p>Eastern vs. Western dichotomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known for his method of inquiry in testing an idea, shaping western thought?

    <p>Socrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the key distinctions in the views of the self between Eastern and Western civilizations?

    <p>Culturally shaped construct or ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which field is the self seen as a product of social interaction, developed over time through social activities and experiences?

    <p>Sociology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does psychology see the self as?

    <p>Having characteristics or properties that can be used to describe it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Socrates, why is self-knowledge important?

    <p>To improve one's life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Plato believe is the most divine aspect of the human being?

    <p>The rational soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Thomas Aquinas, what makes a human person a human person?

    <p>The soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did John Locke identify the self with?

    <p>Consciousness and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to David Hume, how did he describe the self?

    <p>As a collection of perceptions and memories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Immanuel Kant's view of the self?

    <p>The self is related to transcendental ideas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Socrates believe was the ultimate reality?

    <p>The soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Thomas Aquinas believe animates the body?

    <p>The soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to John Locke, what constitutes the self?

    <p>Consciousness and memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Hume define 'impressions' in relation to the self?

    <p>Perceptions that are directly experienced and strong</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pre-Modern Society

    • In pre-modern society, individuals had limited choice in deciding where to live and what work to do.

    Modernization

    • Modernization has increased individuals' freedom and choices in modern society.
    • Modernization has impacted individuals' guidance in making life choices.

    Sociological Approach

    • According to the sociological approach, the self and society are closely linked.
    • Society influences the self.
    • The role of society is to shape the individual.

    Structural Approach

    • The key to understanding the link between self and society is social structure.
    • Social structure refers to patterns of behavior within and between individuals.

    Situational Approach

    • According to the situational approach, society is viewed as dynamic and ever-changing.

    Perspectives on the Self

    • According to Mead (1934), the mind arises and develops out of social interaction.
    • Self emerges out of the mind through social interaction.
    • Self-concept is generally thought of as the sum total of our thoughts, feelings, and imaginations as to who we are.
    • Carl Rogers defined the self-concept as the sum total of our thoughts, feelings, and imaginations as to who we are.

    Self Across Disciplines

    • In anthropology, the self is viewed as a product of social interaction.
    • In psychology, the self is seen as a product of social interaction, developed over time through social activities and experiences.

    Western Philosophers

    • Socrates believed that self-knowledge is important.
    • Plato believed that the most divine aspect of the human being is the soul.
    • Thomas Aquinas believed that the soul animates the body and makes a human person a human person.
    • John Locke identified the self with consciousness.
    • David Hume described the self as a bundle of perceptions.
    • Immanuel Kant viewed the self as a morally responsible being.

    Eastern and Western Civilizations

    • One of the key distinctions between Eastern and Western civilizations is the view of the self, with Eastern civilizations often viewing the self as interconnected with others, and Western civilizations viewing the self as an individual entity.

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    Description

    Explore the impact of modernization on individuals' self-identities and societal constructions. Discover how pre-modern and modern societies influence individuals' choices and behaviors, and their impact on self-development.

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