Sociological Perspectives Quiz
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Questions and Answers

According to Emile Durkheim, society and culture are more important than the individual because

  • Society is constantly changing and adapting to the needs of individuals.
  • Individuals shape society and culture through their actions.
  • Culture defines the identity of individuals within society.
  • Society exists before the individual is born and continues after their death. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a version of the structural perspective in sociology?

  • Marxist theory
  • Symbolic interactionism (correct)
  • Functionalist theory
  • Feminist theory

The interactionist perspective in sociology includes all of the following EXCEPT

  • Labelling theory
  • Symbolic interactionism
  • Social exchange theory (correct)
  • The dramaturgical approach

Postmodernist theory in sociology combines elements of which two perspectives?

<p>Structural perspective and interactionist perspective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Emile Durkheim, modern industrial societies are characterized by

<p>Social order rather than chaos (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective in sociology emphasizes the importance of shared cultural values, goals, and norms?

<p>Functionalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which perspective in sociology focuses on the relationship between society and the individual?

<p>Interactionist perspective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sociological perspective believes that society is a thing that exists 'out there' independent of individuals?

<p>Functionalism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which version of the structural perspective in sociology focuses on the power struggles and conflicts within society?

<p>Marxist theory (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which version of the interactionist perspective in sociology views social interactions as performances on a stage?

<p>Dramaturgical approach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to functionalists, what is the role of culture in society?

<p>Culture promotes social integration and solidarity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Durkheim, what are some examples of social institutions?

<p>The family and education. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of socialization, according to functionalists?

<p>To maintain social order. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do functionalists describe the relationship between social institutions and social order?

<p>Social institutions work together as a social system to bring about social order. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Dennis Wrong criticize about functionalism?

<p>Functionalism's overemphasis on socialization. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a criticism of functionalism by Marxists and feminists?

<p>Functionalists exaggerate the degree of consensus and order in society. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the concept of collective consciousness according to functionalists?

<p>The shared beliefs and values that bind individuals together in society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Durkheim, what is the role of culture in the formation of social roles?

<p>Culture determines the social roles that individuals take on. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the existence of social problems such as crime and deviance suggest about functionalist theory?

<p>Functionalism is an idealized view of society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What supports the observation that there is a core culture shared by a majority of people in a society?

<p>The pursuit of education and qualifications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Structural Perspective

Society, according to this perspective, is a complex system composed of interconnected parts, each fulfilling a specific function to maintain stability and order.

Interactionist Perspective

A sociological framework that emphasizes the meanings people give to their interactions and how these meanings shape social reality.

Functionalism

A perspective that emphasizes the role of shared values, goals, and norms in maintaining social harmony and order.

Marxist Theory

A perspective that focuses on power struggles and conflicts within society, emphasizing the role of class, inequality and exploitation.

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Dramaturgical Approach

A version of the interactionist perspective that compares social interactions to a stage performance, where individuals play roles and present themselves strategically.

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Collective Consciousness

The shared beliefs, values, and norms that bind individuals together in society, forming a collective consciousness.

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Social Institutions

Social institutions, such as family, education, religion, and the economy, are seen as essential components of society that contribute to its stability and functioning.

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Socialization

The process by which individuals learn the norms, values, and behaviors expected of them within a particular society.

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Dennis Wrong's critique of functionalism

A criticism of functionalism's emphasis on socialization as the sole source of social conformity, suggesting that individuals are more active in shaping their own identities.

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Criticisms of Functionalism: Conflict and Inequality

A criticism that functionalism oversimplifies social life by downplaying the prevalence of conflict, inequality, and power struggles within society.

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Marxist Critique of Functionalism

A criticism of functionalism that emphasizes the role of power structures and social class in shaping social norms and values, arguing that functionalism overlooks the dominance of powerful groups.

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Functionalism's Idealized View of Society

The claim that functionalism portrays an idealized picture of society by neglecting the negative aspects of social life, such as crime, deviance, and social problems.

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Culture and Social Roles

The way culture determines the social roles that individuals take on, influencing their behavior and expectations within society.

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Symbolic Interactionism

An approach that emphasizes the importance of understanding the meanings people give to their social interactions and how these meanings shape their behavior and relationships.

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Social Order in Modern Societies

Modern industrial societies are characterized by more social order and stability, as the division of labor creates interdependence between individuals.

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Social Exchange Theory

The process of exchanging resources, support, and rewards in social interactions, which can influence the outcomes of those interactions.

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Postmodernist Theory

A social theory that combines elements of structuralism and interactionism, emphasizing the complex interplay between social structures and individual agency in shaping social reality.

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Core Culture

The existence of a core culture shared by a majority of people in a society, manifested through common values, beliefs, and practices.

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Study Notes

Emile Durkheim and Sociological Perspectives

  • Emile Durkheim believes that society and culture are more important than the individual.

Sociological Perspectives

  • Interactionist perspective excludes _______________.
  • Postmodernist theory combines elements of _______________ and _______________ perspectives.
  • Durkheim's view of modern industrial societies: characterized by __________________.
  • The perspective that emphasizes the importance of shared cultural values, goals, and norms is __________________.
  • The perspective that focuses on the relationship between society and the individual is __________________.
  • The perspective that believes society exists independently of individuals is __________________.
  • The version of the structural perspective that focuses on power struggles and conflicts is __________________.
  • The version of the interactionist perspective that views social interactions as performances on a stage is __________________.

Functionalism

  • According to functionalists, the role of culture in society is __________________.
  • Examples of social institutions according to Durkheim: __________________.
  • The main function of socialization, according to functionalists, is __________________.
  • The relationship between social institutions and social order, according to functionalists: __________________.
  • Dennis Wrong criticizes functionalism for __________________.
  • A criticism of functionalism by Marxists and feminists: __________________.
  • Collective consciousness, according to functionalists, is __________________.
  • The role of culture in the formation of social roles, according to Durkheim: __________________.
  • The existence of social problems like crime and deviance suggests __________________ about functionalist theory.
  • The existence of a core culture shared by most people in a society is supported by __________________.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the structural and interactionist perspectives in sociology with this quiz. Learn about the different versions of these perspectives, including the Marxist and functionalist perspectives, and enhance your understanding of sociological theories.

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