Sociological Liberals: Communication Patterns and the Cobweb Model

Liberal theorists emphasize different features of world politics, including transnational non-governmental ties between societies, such as communication between individuals and between groups. This statement is:

Liberal assumptions include a negative view of human nature and a conviction that international relations are conflictual rather than cooperative. This statement is:

Neorealist critiques of liberalism are discussed in which section of the chapter?

Institutional liberals pay particular attention to:

Realist resurgence is discussed in which section of the chapter?

The liberal tradition in IR includes a belief in:

What do institutional liberals emphasize for inducing peaceful and cooperative relations between states?

Do republican liberals argue that liberal democratic constitutions and forms of government are important for inducing peaceful and cooperative relations between states? (True or False)

The chapter discusses a debate with neorealism which has given rise to a distinction between weak and strong _____.

Who saw great potential for human progress in modern civil society and the capitalist economy?

Are liberals generally optimistic about human nature? (True or False)

What is the core concern of liberalism?

According to John Locke, the state exists primarily to maintain the power and control over its citizens.

Jeremy Bentham believed it was in the rational interests of constitutional states to adhere to international law in their foreign policies.

Immanuel Kant thought that a world of constitutional and mutually respectful states could eventually establish 'perpetual conflict' in the world.

Post-war liberalism can be divided into four main strands of thinking: sociological liberalism, interdependence liberalism, institutional liberalism, and republican liberalism.

Sociological liberals reject the view that international relations is only about interstate relations, but also consider transnational relations as an important aspect of international relations.

According to Karl Deutsch, a high degree of transnational ties between societies leads to a security community, which means an increased likelihood of large-scale physical force.

Sociological liberals like Burton believe that the cobweb model represents actual patterns of human behaviour rather than artificial boundaries of states. True or False?

According to sociological liberals, overlapping group memberships minimize the risk of serious conflict between any two groups. True or False?

Rosenau supports the idea that an increasingly pluralist world, characterized by transnational networks of individuals and groups, will be more peaceful. True or False?

According to Moisés Naím, the rise of micropowers is due to the 'More revolution,' 'Mobility revolution,' and 'Mentality revolution.' True or False?

Phil Cerny outlines four different major scenarios, ranging from 'rosy' and cooperative towards 'hegemonic' and more conflict-prone. True or False?

Sociological liberals believe that the erosion and dispersion of state and governmental power has made individuals less important variables in global politics. True or False?

Interdependence between people and governments is affected by the actions of their counterparts in other countries. Therefore, a higher level of transnational relations between countries means a lower level of interdependence.

According to Richard Rosecrance, economic development and foreign trade are less effective means for achieving prominence and prosperity for highly industrialized countries.

Highly qualified labor force, access to information, and financial capital are no longer the keys to success in today's world.

According to Rosecrance, the end of the Cold War has made the traditional military-political option more urgent and thus more attractive for very large states.

David Mitrany argued that greater interdependence between countries in the form of transnational ties could lead to peace.

Mitrany proposed that cooperation would be arranged by politicians rather than technical experts.

Ernst Haas rejected the notion that 'technical' matters can be separated from politics. Integration has to do with getting self-interested political elites to intensify their cooperation.

According to Haas, integration is a process whereby 'political actors are persuaded to shift their loyalties toward a new center whose institutions possess or demand jurisdiction over the preexisting national states.'

The 'spillover' concept in integration refers to the idea that increased cooperation in one area leads to increased cooperation in other areas.

Haas saw spillover happening in the initial years of West European cooperation in the 1950s and early 1960s.

President de Gaulle of France primarily contributed to the long phase of stagnation and backsliding in West European cooperation from the mid-1960s onwards.

Haas concluded that theories of regional integration should be subordinated to a general theory of interdependence.

The recent phase of Brexit and the 'America First' policy of Donald Trump has intensified the debate between liberals and realists regarding the explanation of integration.

Keohane and Nye's book, Power and Interdependence, claimed Deutsch and Haas as inspiration and argued that post-war 'complex interdependence' is qualitatively different from earlier and simpler kinds of interdependence.

According to Keohane and Nye, under complex interdependence, states become more preoccupied with the 'low politics' of welfare and less concerned with the 'high politics' of national security.

Complex interdependence implies a far more friendly and cooperative relationship between states owing to increasing fragmentation and diffusion of power in economic affairs.