Questions and Answers
Who described primary groups as 'the spring of life'?
Charles Cooley
What type of group is 'college professor' in relation to Anthony's aspirations?
reference group
Who used the term 'groupthink'?
Irving Janis
What is NASA in relation to Guy's life?
Signup and view all the answers
What conclusions did Georg Simmel reach about group size?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Judith Kleinfeld conclude from replicating Milgram's experiment?
Signup and view all the answers
What types of groups do the Bloods and Satan's Slaves represent for Cody?
Signup and view all the answers
What analogy did Judith Kleinfeld use to explain her conclusion on the small world phenomenon?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes the phenomenon where individuals avoid completing tasks in larger groups unless assigned?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs when members of a larger group believe that helping is not their responsibility?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes people who share similar characteristics but little else?
Signup and view all the answers
The Milgram experiment demonstrated the power of groups and the need individuals have to conform to a group.
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes people who share the same physical space but do not see themselves as belonging together?
Signup and view all the answers
What classification describes groups organizing on mutual interests?
Signup and view all the answers
Which set of characteristics is most applicable to secondary groups?
Signup and view all the answers
What was Stanley Milgram's conclusion in his 'teacher-learner' experiment?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of leadership is exemplified by Robert F. Kennedy gathering opinions from leaders during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Signup and view all the answers
How would you best describe a group?
Signup and view all the answers
An expressive leader is responsible for keeping the group's morale high.
Signup and view all the answers
What term refers to the social ties that link people together?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be concluded from Solomon Asch's experiment on group conformity?
Signup and view all the answers
Encouraging diverse opinions curbs negative aspects of groupthink.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the largest and most complex type of group?
Signup and view all the answers
What style of leadership describes Bob's passive approach?
Signup and view all the answers
What conclusion does Patrick's experience in the Democratic Party support?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of leader is Joanne, who keeps the group focused on the questionnaire?
Signup and view all the answers
The term group dynamics refers to how groups influence us and how we influence groups.
Signup and view all the answers
In which type of group is it impossible to form a coalition?
Signup and view all the answers
Who popularized the concept of 'six degrees of separation'?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the initial conclusion drawn from the small world phenomenon experiment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which leadership style is likely to result in internal solidarity among employees?
Signup and view all the answers
What term describes people who influence the behaviors of others?
Signup and view all the answers
Which entertainment group qualifies as a dyad?
Signup and view all the answers
What sociological term best describes lovers and cult members?
Signup and view all the answers
Who conducted research on group conformity using lines of various lengths?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Sociological Groups and Key Concepts
- Charles Cooley referred to primary groups as "the spring of life," emphasizing their foundational role in social development.
- The concept of a reference group is illustrated by Anthony's aspirations to become a college professor, as he looks to that group for guidance and standards.
- Irving Janis introduced the term "groupthink" to describe a scenario where group members conform to a collective viewpoint, limiting critical thinking.
- NASA functions as a secondary group for Guy, as it serves as his employer and relates directly to his professional interests in aerospace technology.
- Georg Simmel posited that smaller groups are more stable, while larger groups tend to lose stability over time.
- Judith Kleinfeld's replication of Milgram's small world phenomenon led her to conclude that social barriers create significant separation between people who are not familiar with one another.
- Rival gangs, such as the Bloods and Satan's Slaves for Cody, are classified as out-groups, representing antagonistic forces in his social identity.
- Kleinfeld analogized society as a "bowl of lumpy oatmeal" to illustrate the disparities in connectivity and relationships within social networks.
- The diffusion of responsibility occurs in larger groups when individuals feel less personally responsible for completing tasks unless explicitly assigned.
- Aggregates describe groups of people who share a physical space but do not perceive themselves as belonging together, such as a crowd in a park.
- Voluntary associations include groups formed around mutual interests, such as the Girl Scouts or labor unions.
- Secondary groups are characterized by their formal, impersonal, and anonymous nature, contrasting with the intimacy of primary groups.
- Stanley Milgram’s "teacher-learner" experiment highlighted that individuals might inflict pain on others when directed by authority figures.
- Democratic leadership is illustrated through Robert F. Kennedy's approach during the Cuban Missile Crisis, where consensus was sought before a final decision was made by the President.
- An expressive leader focuses on maintaining group morale and minimizing conflicts, highlighting the emotional support aspect of leadership.
- Social networks refer to the interpersonal ties that connect individuals within a society, facilitating communication and influence.
- Solomon Asch's experiments on group conformity showed that group pressure can compel individuals to voice opinions contrary to their beliefs.
- To counteract groupthink, encouraging diverse opinions within a group is beneficial in fostering open dialogue and critical evaluation.
- Society represents the largest and most complex type of social group, encompassing numerous individuals and interactions.
- Laissez-faire leadership, characterized by a passive and uninvolved management style, is exemplified by Bob’s approach in the highway department.
- Patrick’s long-term involvement in the Democratic Party illustrates that secondary groups can evolve into more intimate primary groups through shared experiences.
- Instrumental leaders, like Joanne in her sociology class project, focus on achieving specific tasks and maintaining group focus.
- The concept of group dynamics encompasses the reciprocal influence between individuals and groups, facilitating mutual impact on behaviors and opinions.
- In dyadic relationships, it becomes impossible to form coalitions due to the limited number of participants.
- Stanley Milgram is credited with popularizing "six degrees of separation," signifying the interconnectedness of individuals through mutual acquaintances.
- The initial conclusion of the small world phenomenon indicated that all members of society are linked through interconnected relationships.
- Authoritarian leadership styles are likely to foster strong internal solidarity among group members, providing structure and direction.
- Leaders are individuals who influence the behaviors, opinions, or attitudes of others within a group context.
- A dyad is exemplified by entertainment duo Penn and Teller, illustrating the simplest form of social group.
- Primary groups, such as lovers or close-knit community members, are essential for emotional support and significant personal bonds.
- Solomon Asch’s research on group conformity utilized visual stimuli to experiment with participants' alignment to group norms, focusing on peer influence dynamics.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the vital concepts of sociological groups through the lens of key theorists like Cooley, Janis, and Simmel. This quiz delves into primary and secondary groups, groupthink, and social dynamics among smaller and larger groups. Test your understanding of how these concepts shape social interactions and structures.
