Society Challenge Exam Review
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What does the term 'anomie' refer to?

  • The rise of the bourgeoisie
  • Economic inequality
  • Social equilibrium
  • The breakdown of societal norms (correct)

    • Karl Marx believed that political power is independent of economic power.

    False

    What societal change occurred during the Great Depression to create equilibrium?

    The creation of the welfare state

    Young people may turn to crime due to a lack of shared __________ in society.

    <p>values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sociological concepts or figures with their descriptions:

    <p>Karl Marx = Believed economic power leads to political power Anomie = Breakdown of societal norms Bourgeoisie = Ruling class Proletariat = Working class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does anomie refer to in a societal context?

    <p>A state of alienation due to lack of societal norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fecundity refers to the actual ability to reproduce.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of neo-Marxists?

    <p>Economic inequalities between classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term __________ refers to how members of a culture learn and internalize shared ideas, values, and beliefs.

    <p>enculturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Fertility = Actual reproduction Patriarchy = Male dominance in society Bystander Effect = Reduced likelihood of help in a group Acculturation = Assimilation to a different culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which generation is referred to as Millennium Kids?

    <p>Generation Y</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bystander effect indicates that individuals are more likely to help others when they are in a group.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of suburban areas?

    <p>Residential homes outside urban centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the methods through which cultural change occurs?

    <p>Assimilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavioralism focuses solely on unconscious motivations for human behavior.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory did Sigmund Freud develop that emphasizes early childhood experiences?

    <p>Psychoanalytic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ____ believed that human needs are organized into a hierarchy.

    <p>Abraham Maslow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following psychologists with their contributions:

    <p>Sigmund Freud = Psychoanalytic theory Carl Jung = Dream analysis Alfred Adler = Inferiority complex B.F. Skinner = Stimulus-response learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the impact of technology on cultural change?

    <p>The degree of technology available can determine a culture's receptiveness to change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alfred Bandura's theory states that learning is primarily a stimulus-response effect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept of cultural diffusion?

    <p>The spreading of ideas, methods, and tools from one culture to another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of cognitive dissonance refer to?

    <p>A sense of discomfort from holding conflicting beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bourgeoisie refers to the working class population.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three schools of thought in anthropology?

    <p>Functionalism, Structuralism, Culturalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ theory asserts that older adults usually maintain the same activities and relationships as they did in their earlier years.

    <p>Social Continuity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which source of cultural change refers to the creation of new products and ideas?

    <p>Invention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discrimination is defined as a set of opinions that negatively affect a group without justification.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes Technosis?

    <p>Fear and confusion brought on by technology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing a person's health?

    <p>Personal interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Voluntary childlessness is often accepted in most cultures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some reasons women might choose voluntary childlessness?

    <p>Prioritizing careers, financial instability, and changing societal norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Canada, __________ promotes equal rights regardless of race or ethnicity.

    <p>the charter of rights and freedoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following concepts with their definitions:

    <p>Pluralism = Diversity and coexistence of different cultures Equity = Fairness for all citizens Inclusiveness = Promotion of equal rights Sustainability = Long-term ecological balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might societal views on smoking influence individuals?

    <p>Make smoking more acceptable in certain contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psychology studies the emotional reasons behind unhealthy behaviors.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might stress from lack of resources lead to in individuals?

    <p>Unhealthy coping behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method of cultural change discussed in the provided text?

    <p>Socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Behavioralism focuses solely on identifying the factors that motivate human behavior.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary contribution of Sigmund Freud to psychology?

    <p>Psychoanalytic Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory of _____________ suggests that human needs are organized into a hierarchy, ranging from basic survival to higher-level needs like love, security, and esteem.

    <p>Hierarchy of Needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following psychologists with their primary contributions:

    <p>Sigmund Freud = Psychoanalytic Theory Alfred Adler = Inferiority Complex Carl Jung = Dream Analysis Charles Watson = Behaviorism B.F. Skinner = Learning is a stimulus-response effect Abraham Maslow = Hierarchy of Needs Alfred Bandura = Learning is largely a modeling experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alfred Bandura's theory of learning is solely based on the stimulus-response effect, similar to Skinner's theory.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does technology influence the receptiveness to change within a culture?

    <p>The level of technological advancement in a culture determines its openness to change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major school of thought in psychology mentioned in the text?

    <p>Humanistic Psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the ego in Freud's psychoanalytic theory?

    <p>It deals with external reality and mediates between id and superego.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cognitive dissonance refers to the harmony that exists between two beliefs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of human evolution and biology called?

    <p>Physical Anthropology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ class refers to the working class population in society.

    <p>Proletariat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for unfair actions directed against people based on various characteristics?

    <p>Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the rapid decline in birth rates following a baby boom?

    <p>Baby Bust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social continuity theory suggests that older adults will change their activities and relationships as they age.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of equilibrium refer to in societal changes?

    <p>A balance achieved through adaptation to tensions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The breakdown of societal norms and a lack of shared values is referred to as anomie.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the philosopher associated with the concept of neo-Marxism?

    <p>Karl Marx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Young people may engage in criminal behavior when societal expectations are __________.

    <p>unclear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sociological concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Equilibrium = A state of balance in society Anomie = Breakdown of societal norms Bourgeoisie = Ruling class in society Proletariat = Working class in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the descent pattern where lineage is traced through males?

    <p>Patrilineal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Materialism emphasizes the importance of non-material aspects over material possessions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'determinism' refer to in the context of human actions?

    <p>The belief that events, including human actions, are determined by preexisting causes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The belief that societal behavior is shaped by the sharing of ideas, values, and beliefs is known as __________.

    <p>enculturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'social continuity' refers to:

    <p>The gradual evolution of societal norms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    B.F. Skinner is known for his contributions to clinical psychology.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'anomie' describe in a societal context?

    <p>A state of normlessness or breakdown of social norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason women might choose voluntary childlessness?

    <p>Prioritizing their careers and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social pressure to have children can lead to isolation for women who choose not to have children.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do anthropologists study the influence of the environment on health?

    <p>They analyze both physical and social factors that impact health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is primarily associated with Generation Y?

    <p>Respect authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Canada, __________ focuses on fairness for all citizens, particularly in healthcare and employment.

    <p>Equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Generation Z is the most racially and ethnically diverse generation to date.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal factor can influence individuals' perceptions of smoking?

    <p>Societal views on smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the Paradigm process that affects people's understanding of reality?

    <p>Sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their corresponding descriptions:

    <p>Pluralism = Coexistence of diverse cultures Inclusiveness = Promotion of equal rights Equity = Fairness in resource distribution Sustainability = Meeting current needs without compromising future generations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gen X values __________ balance.

    <p>work/life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The changing societal norms have no impact on women's decisions to remain childless.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each generation with its defining criteria:

    <p>Generation X = Born 1965-1980, disaffection with governance Generation Y = Born 1981-1996, nurtured by omnipresent parents Generation Z = Experience seekers and technologically infused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some social problems that can lead to health impairing behaviors?

    <p>Poverty and stress from lack of resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT emphasized by Generation X?

    <p>Teamwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social media plays a minimal role in the lives of Generation Z.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that contributes to the development of prejudice according to the Perception Pyramid?

    <p>Sensory information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Society Challenge and Change Exam Review

    • Kinship: A family relationship based on cultural definition
    • Patrilineal: Kinship tracing through the father's line
    • Binary Opposite: Relationships seen as opposing forces
    • Materialism: Importance of material possessions
    • Determinism: Events are predetermined by prior causes
    • Anthropology: The study of humankind throughout time and across cultures
    • Anomie: Lack of societal norms and values
    • Fertility: Actual reproduction
    • Fecundity: Ability to reproduce
    • Extended Family : Relatives beyond immediate parents
    • Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on characteristics
    • Baby Bust: Rapid decline in birth rates after a boom
    • Anomie: Lack of societal norms, leading to confusion
    • Extended Family: Includes grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins
    • B.F. Skinner: Focused on social continuity and operant conditioning.
    • Physical Anthropology: The study of human evolution and biology
    • Id, Ego, Superego: Psychoanalytic concepts describing the mental processes
    • Stimulus Response: A basic learning principle
    • Proletariat: The working class
    • Bystander effect: Less likely to help when others are present
    • Prejudice: Negative opinions or feelings toward a group
    • Cognitive Dissonance: Holding conflicting beliefs or ideas
    • Clinical Psychology: Addresses behavioral and mental health issues
    • Enculturation: Process of learning cultural norms
    • Acculturation: Adapting to a new culture
    • Nuclear Family: A family structure with a core group of parents and children
    • Bourgeoisie: The ruling class
    • Nuclear Family: A family unit comprised of parents and children
    • Discrimination: Unfair treatment based on characteristics (race, gender, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation)

    Millennium Kids

    • Millennials: Born between 1981 and 2000
    • Bystander Effect: Less help when others are present
    • Baby Boom: A period after WWII with high birth rates
    • Psychology: Study of human feelings, behaviors, and thought processes
    • **Deviance:**Different from accepted societal norms
    • Operant Conditioning: Behavior modified by reinforcement
    • Patriarchy: Society focused on male dominance
    • Diffusion: Spread of ideas or cultures
    • Hierarchy: Ranking system based on authority
    • Enculturation: Learning a culture's values and norms.
    • Acculturation: Adapting to a different culture
    • Neo-Marxist: Economic systems creating class differences
    • Echo Boom: High birth rate in the 80s and 90s
    • Generation Y: Another name for Millennials
    • Social Media, Constant Connectivity: Key characteristic of Millennium Kids who grew up with immediate access to communication technologies.

    Survival of the Fittest

    • Suburb: Communities outside the city center
    • Conformity: Maintaining certain similarities within society
    • Alienation: Feeling like an outsider
    • Isolation: Separation from others
    • School of Thought: Philosophical perspectives, beliefs, and values of groups on behavior
    • Bourgeoisie: The ruling or upper class
    • Technosis: Fear or anxiety from technology
    • Social Continuity: Theory of normal aging maintaining behaviors
    • Physical Anthropology: Study of human evolution and biology.
    • Id, Ego, Superego: Aspects of the human mind in psychoanalytic theory
    • Stimulus Response: Learning through reinforcement
    • Proletariat: Working class
    • Prejudice: Unfavorable feelings or opinions of people of a particular group
    • Cognitive Dissonance: Holding conflicting ideas or beliefs
    • Clinical Psychology: Deals with behavioral and mental problems
    • Proximate Determinants of Fertility: Factors directly influencing fertility rates.

    Important Theories & Concepts

    • Functionalism: Sociological approach focusing on societal functions and structures
    • Structuralism: Sociological approach understanding how societies operate
    • Culturalism: Beliefs that both economics and technological factors shape societies
    • Invention: Development of new products, ideas

    Anthropology Schools of Thought:

    • Functionalism: Societies fulfill essential needs
    • Structuralism: Society has rules and structures
    • Culturalism: Economics and technology shape society type

    Social Change Theories:

    • Adaptation: Adjusting to cultural changes
    • Cultural Evolution: Change in cultures

    Psychology Schools:

    • Psychoanalytic Theory: Personality development through unconscious processes
    • Behaviorism: Controlling/regulating behavior by understanding motivations
    • Learning Theory: Humans are born with little instinct and learning potential.
    • Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalytic theory
    • Alfred Adler: Inferiority complex
    • Carl Jung: Dream analysis
    • Charles Watson: Behaviorism (stimulus response)
    • Skinner: Learning as stimulus-response
    • Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of needs
    • Alfred Bandura: Learning through modeling
    • Paradigm: A person's stored rules and conditions for understanding ideas and sensory experiences, which affects their behaviors.

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    Society Challenge and Change Exam Review 2025 PDF

    Description

    Prepare for your Society Challenge and Change exam with this comprehensive review. Covering essential concepts like kinship, materialism, and anomie, this quiz helps reinforce your understanding of societal dynamics and anthropological studies. Test your knowledge on key terms and theories relevant to the course content.

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