21 Questions
What is the norm of total evidence in the philosophy of science?
Taking into account all relevant evidence
Which epistemic norm implies selecting study subjects relevant to the hypothesis being tested?
Norm of appropriate study subjects
What is the consequence of violating the norm of total evidence in medical research?
Decrease in relevant evidence considered
What happens when pharmaceutical companies fund published studies?
Sponsor's drug consistently outperforms others
Which norm in the philosophy of science suggests testing a hypothesis against promising rivals?
Norm of heeding anecdotal evidence promising rivals
Why does Brown believe that socializing medicine is necessary?
To reinforce epistemic norms in medical practice
What is the main point of the text regarding the commercialization of the medical system?
Commercialization causes the medical system to fail in meeting crucial objective epistemic norms.
Why does the text propose socializing the medical system as a solution?
To correct and prevent failures caused by the commercially driven medical system.
What is the potential moral benefit mentioned in the text for fixing and avoiding failures in the medical system?
Having a positive impact on society.
How does Brown suggest improving the initial premise regarding socializing medicine?
By emphasizing the moral costs of socializing medicine.
Based on the text, what does Brown's main argument focus on?
The argument for socializing medicine as a solution to failures in healthcare.
What is suggested to be true about Brown's defense of socializing medicine in the article?
It supports the notion that socializing medicine can help fix systemic failures.
What percentage of the time do unfavorable results show up in studies sponsored by the commercial company developing the drug?
5%
In studies with favorable results, what percentage of authors have financial ties to sponsors?
96%
Which norm is violated when subjects irrelevant to the hypothesis are enrolled in medical research?
Norm of appropriate study subjects
What is a common outcome of commercialized or profit-driven medical research violating the norm of appropriate study subjects?
Weakened research evidence
What is a consequence of medical research being commercialized in terms of testing against promising rivals?
Failure to follow up on promising rivals
Which norm is compromised due to commercialization of medicine in terms of testing against promising rivals?
Norm of testing against any promising rivals
What norm is violated when commercial studies enroll subjects beyond those relevant to the hypothesis being tested?
Norm of appropriate study subjects
'Without seriously funded rival approaches, we will never know how good or bad particular patentable solutions really are' highlights the importance of adhering to which norm?
Norm of testing against any promising rivals
'Some researchers claim that clinical trials are both necessary and sufficient for definite knowledge and that anything short of full clinical trials is useless' reflects a violation of which norm?
'Norm of total evidence'
Explore the argument for socializing medicine based on it failing to meet crucial objective epistemic norms due to commercial influence. Examine examples of epistemic failures in the medical system and discover violations of epistemic norms in philosophy of science.
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