Socialization Theories and Effects

The process through which individuals learn to become competent members of society, understanding societal norms, accepting beliefs, and recognizing values.

Socialization can happen through explicit instruction, conditioning, and observing others' behavior. The learning process of integrating societal norms and values occurs through these methods.

The impact of teachers' expectations on student performance. Positive expectations can lead to improved performance, while negative expectations can result in lower achievement.

Teachers' expectations influence student performance, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy. Students may live up to the expectations set for them.

A phenomenon where low expectations lead to a decline in performance. The opposite of the Pygmalion Effect.

The sociologist who first proposed the idea that differences in suicide rates are influenced by social factors rather than individual psychological states.

Socialization can be explained through various theories, including constructivism, Freud's personality and sexuality theories, Piaget's developmental and interaction theories, Erikson's stage of development and value theories, and Bourdieu's habitus theory.

Individuals acting in a way that makes the expected behavior more likely to occur. This can be observed in the context of the Pygmalion Effect.

The knowledge, skills, and abilities that individuals acquire through education, training, and experience - essentially, the value a person brings to the workforce.

The ability of an individual or group to move upward in social class or economic status.

Possessions that can be exchanged for economic profit, such as a house or a car. These items also signal social status.

Formal recognition of accomplishments, like a degree or license.

The benefits gained through social connections and networks.

The unconscious knowledge, values, and beliefs that individuals acquire through socialization.

Describes how individuals and groups are connected and the resources they share.

The idea that teachers' expectations of students can influence how well those students perform. If a teacher expects a student to succeed, they might work harder to help them and be more patient with them, leading to better results. The opposite can also happen, where low expectations can lead to lower student performance.

A theory by Randall Collins that emphasizes the importance of rituals in shaping social life. These rituals, like attending a sporting event or participating in a religious ceremony, create a sense of group membership and emotional energy.

The symbolic and cultural resources that an individual possesses, such as education, knowledge, and social skills. These resources can be used to gain advantage and influence in social interactions.

The spontaneous, creative, and impulsive aspect of the self. It's the part of us that reacts to situations and makes choices.

The socialized part of the self, shaped by societal norms and expectations. It's the part of us that knows how to act appropriately in different situations.

The ability to understand and see things from another person's perspective. This is a key skill for developing empathy and social skills.

The theory proposed by George Mead that emphasizes the development of the self through social interaction. It focuses on the "I", the "Me", and role-taking as key aspects of self-formation.

The process of similar education systems becoming integrated across borders, focusing on access, quality, and deployment of education worldwide.

A theory explaining how organizations become similar, mimicking each other's processes or structures due to imitation or similar constraints.

A type of isomorphism where organizations adopt similar practices due to pressures from influential groups or norms within a field.

A type of isomorphism where organizations adopt similar practices due to external pressures or regulations.

A type of isomorphism where organizations adopt similar practices by imitating successful organizations in their field.

An economic ideology promoting free markets, privatization, deregulation, and globalization to increase the role of the private sector in the economy and society.

The application of market principles, promoting competition, privatization, and less government control in education.

An idea that education should focus on skills and knowledge valued by the labor market, aiming to prepare students for specific employment opportunities.

The idea that education can be used to instill national identity and values in students, fostering a sense of belonging to a nation.

The realization that technology requires a skilled workforce, leading to a greater emphasis on education to equip individuals with the necessary knowledge and abilities.

The historical argument that compulsory education was introduced to prevent child labor by keeping children in school instead of factories.

The idea that children are vulnerable and require guidance and structure to develop properly, leading to the development of formal educational systems.

The process by which education transitioned from informal arrangements to a structured system with teachers, students, and administrators.

The period after World War II when education significantly expanded at all levels - from elementary to higher education - both in Canada and globally.

The increasing integration of education into everyday life, with school and higher education becoming more common and expected experiences.

Informal educational systems that existed in Canada before the formal establishment of Common Schools, such as traditional indigenous education, French petites écoles, and British grammar schools.

A prominent scholar advocating for critical pedagogy, examining education's politics, and emphasizing class consciousness in learning.

A critique of contemporary education in the United States, arguing that the focus on control and testing inhibits genuine learning and creativity.

The phenomenon of prestigious universities dominating the hiring process for faculty at doctoral universities, perpetuating a hierarchy based on institutional prestige.

Education's role in reproducing economic inequality by reinforcing class distinctions and limiting upward mobility.

The widespread and highly competitive pursuit of niche sports among parents seeking elite college admissions for their children.

The idea that the existing system of education may not be sufficient to address deeply rooted economic inequality.

A critical pedagogy approach that encourages students to analyze power dynamics, question dominant ideologies, and work towards social justice.

The study of how power, culture, and social structures influence education and learning.