Khan p 231-240 Social Stigma and Prestige

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What does the halo effect primarily influence in social perception?

The overall impression of a person (correct)

The reliability of first impressions over time

The accuracy of individual character assessments

The developmental stages of memory retention

What is a possible consequence of the halo effect on assessing someone's skills?

It leads to a neutral assessment of capabilities.

It ensures accurate evaluation of each separate skill.

It enhances the perception of all skills based on a positive impression. (correct)

It diminishes the perception of skills due to bias.

Which statement best describes the reverse halo effect?

It diminishes the perception of all skills based on an overall negative impression. (correct)

It occurs only when someone is physically attractive.

It applies only to professional settings, such as schools.

It enhances the perception of a person's skills based on one negative trait.

What role does the primacy effect play in memory retention?

It emphasizes the importance of information presented first. Signup and view all the answers

How does the just world hypothesis influence people’s perception of outcomes?

It fosters the notion that individuals get what they deserve. Signup and view all the answers

In terms of memory retention, which factor might enhance recall beyond the primacy and recency effects?

The emotional impact of the information Signup and view all the answers

What is a common assumption that results from the halo effect regarding physical attractiveness?

Attractive people are assumed to be intelligent regardless of evidence. Signup and view all the answers

How can an unusual action influence memory retention?

It may enhance the memory of that event. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Just World Hypothesis suggest about people's actions?

Good deeds lead to predictable rewards. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the rational techniques used when the Just World Hypothesis is threatened?

Preventing or correcting injustice. Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario illustrates a common misconception associated with the Just World Hypothesis?

A hardworking student fails their exam. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Just World Hypothesis, what do irrational techniques include?

Changing one's interpretation of outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to how we explain the behavior of others, involving internal and external causes?

Attribution theory. Signup and view all the answers

What psychological impact does the Just World Hypothesis have on individuals regarding goal-oriented behavior?

It encourages a belief that effort leads to reward. Signup and view all the answers

What might happen to individuals when their belief in a just world is consistently challenged?

They often feel hopeless and disengaged. Signup and view all the answers

How might the Just World Hypothesis contribute to victim-blaming attitudes?

By leading individuals to believe victims deserve their fate. Signup and view all the answers

What is group polarization?

Group decisions that are more extreme than individual preferences. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is the most powerful predictor of friendships and relationships?

Geographical proximity. Signup and view all the answers

What does the mere exposure effect indicate?

Repeated exposure increases our liking for novel people or objects. Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely outcome of experiencing 'burn out' from repeated exposure?

Decreased affinity leading to dislike. Signup and view all the answers

In the study focusing on attraction, what was observed with men rating women's attractiveness?

Men rated women they saw more frequently as more attractive. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes anterograde amnesia from retrograde amnesia?

Anterograde amnesia affects the ability to form new memories after the incident. Signup and view all the answers

The concept of social identity is closely linked to which of the following?

Interpersonal proximity and group memberships. Signup and view all the answers

How does proximity affect relationship formation?

It facilitates initial encounters, making relationships possible. Signup and view all the answers

What effect do advertisers rely on to create positive opinions about their products?

Mere exposure effect Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is linked to physical attraction universally?

Skin clarity/smoothness Signup and view all the answers

What is more important in determining physical attraction according to the content?

Facial attraction Signup and view all the answers

Which male physical trait is commonly found attractive?

Muscular chest Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is considered attractive regarding facial traits?

Strong facial features Signup and view all the answers

What impact does physiological arousal have on perceptions of attraction?

Increases attraction rating Signup and view all the answers

What has research indicated about facial averageness in relation to attractiveness?

Facial averageness is considered attractive Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is attractive for women according to physical attraction standards?

High waist-hip ratio Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of media in the context of stigma?

It is a major contributor to stigma by portraying conditions negatively. Signup and view all the answers

How can society influence an individual's experience with stigma?

By perpetuating stigmatizing views that affect employment and healthcare. Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible effect of family stigma on the individual?

Isolation of the individual from family and society. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following interventions is suggested to combat family stigma?

Education and therapy for family members. Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely outcome of an individual internalizing stigma from their interactions with media, society, and family?

Increased denial of conditions and avoidance behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the primacy bias in social perception?

People tend to emphasize first impressions over later information. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these best describes recency bias?

Recent performance overrides previous behaviors in evaluation. Signup and view all the answers

What is a useful intervention to help combat societal stigma?

Increasing media representation of stigmatized individuals. Signup and view all the answers

What does sympathetic arousal during an attraction assessment indicate?

Higher ratings of the individual being assessed Signup and view all the answers

How does similarity influence attraction according to the content?

It is a huge predictor of attraction to potential partners. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary finding when participants viewed images of others with similar facial features?

They showed higher levels of cooperation. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'perceived similarity' in relationships?

The belief that one's partner shares similarities, whether they do or not. Signup and view all the answers

What potential issue does similarity bias create in social interactions?

Avoidance of individuals who are dissimilar. Signup and view all the answers

What effect does sharing similar characteristics have on trust and cooperation, according to the study mentioned?

Increases trust and makes cooperation more likely. Signup and view all the answers

Why might couples who perceive higher similarity still experience disconnection?

Their perceived similarity may not reflect reality. Signup and view all the answers

How might one's experiences of sympathetic arousal influence the assessment of physical attraction?

They will rate individuals higher in an aroused state. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prestige

Prestige is often based on occupation (e.g., doctor, lawyer).
Minority group members often have lower-paying jobs (e.g., janitor).

Stigma is extreme disapproval of a person based on a behavior or quality.
Cultures (or subcultures) stigmatize for overt physical deformations (e.g., disability), deviant personal traits (e.g., drug addiction), or deviations from ethnic norms (e.g., "loose" woman in a traditional Latino subculture).
Social stigma comes in two forms: social stigma and self-stigma.

Social stigma involves stereotypes, prejudices, and discrimination directed at an individual by society.
Stigma derives from symbolic interactionist perspectives, highlighting social disapproval associated with a behavior, identity, or attribute considered deviant by others, and devalued.
Societal stigma against mental illness is a significant issue with commonly held stereotypes regarding violence. (e.g., an individual with a mental illness being violent, fear of mental illness = prejudice, avoidance of those who are mentally ill to prevent discrimination = behavior)
Social-stigma can differ based on the sociopolitical context, illustrated by stigma against sexual orientation.

2. Self-Stigma

Self-stigma occurs when individuals internalize negative stereotypes, prejudices, and discriminatory experiences.
This can lead to feelings of rejection from society, avoidance of interactions with society, and a related decline in self-esteem with accompanying mental health issues (e.g., depression).
Individuals with HIV/AIDS may experience self-stigma as an example.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz explores the concepts of social stigma and prestige as they relate to various occupations and cultural perceptions. It discusses how societal norms influence the standing of individuals based on their jobs and the stigma surrounding different behaviors and identities. Understand the implications of stigmatization in contemporary society.