Questions and Answers
What is stigma consciousness?
Awareness that one is singled out by others based on an attribute that is negatively stereotyped.
What is self-concept?
Summary of one's self-knowledge consisting of traits, roles, and abilities.
What is identity in the context of self-concept?
The most central or defining elements of the self-concept.
What are the two ways to reduce stigma?
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What does master status attribute refer to?
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What are the consequences of a master status self-concept for adjustment?
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What is self-esteem?
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How does stigma influence self-esteem?
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What are the three primary ways discrimination can lead to poorer health?
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What is stigma management?
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What are three strategies for gaining social acceptance?
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What does withdrawal mean in the context of stigma?
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What is passing?
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What are the consequences of concealing one's stigma?
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What does capitalizing on stigma mean?
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What is self-promotion in the context of a stigmatized person?
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What does compensation refer to?
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What are the cornerstones of psychological well-being?
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What are six strategies for protecting psychological well-being?
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What does devaluing negative outcome dimensions mean?
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What is making in-group comparisons?
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What does self-affirmation involve?
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What is mindfulness the centerpiece of?
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What is the goal of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)?
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What does covering involve?
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Study Notes
Stigma and Self-Concept
- Stigma consciousness refers to awareness of being negatively stereotyped due to an attribute.
- Self-concept is a summary of self-knowledge, encompassing traits, roles, and abilities.
- Identity represents the central elements that define one's self-concept.
Reducing Stigma
- Aligning virtual identity with actual self requires changing public attitudes, enhancing positive self-concept.
- Aligning actual identity with virtual identity can lead to fulfilling negative stereotypes, adversely affecting self-concept and well-being.
Master Status and Self-Concept
- Master status attribute dictates that other qualities of a stigmatized person become secondary to the stigmatized trait.
- Individuals with few identity facets have simple self-concepts, making them vulnerable when negative stereotypes define them.
Self-Esteem and Stigma
- Self-esteem reflects feelings of personal worth and competence.
- Stigma influences self-esteem through negative evaluations by others and successes in demonstrating competence.
Discrimination and Health
- Discrimination negatively impacts health in three ways:
- Poor mental health leads to physical health deterioration.
- Physiological stress responses are triggered by discrimination.
- Discriminated individuals may engage in unhealthy behaviors while avoiding healthy ones.
Stigma Management Strategies
- Stigma management involves individual methods for coping with social stigma.
- Strategies for gaining social acceptance include:
- Withdrawal: Avoiding non-stigmatized groups to prevent rejection.
- Passing: Concealing stigmatizing attributes from others.
- Capitalizing on stigma: Embracing stigma as a multidimensional trait.
Consequences of Concealment
- Concealing stigma can result in:
- Misleading feedback about abilities.
- Isolation from others with similar attributes.
- Anxiety from the fear of exposure.
- Difficulty forming close relationships due to avoidance of social situations.
Psychological Well-Being
- Cornerstones of psychological well-being include: low distress, high self-esteem, and a positive, confident self-concept.
- Six strategies to protect psychological well-being:
- Attributing negative outcomes to prejudice.
- Devaluing dimensions of negative outcomes.
- Making comparisons within one's stigmatized group.
- Engaging in self-affirmation.
- Practicing mindfulness.
- Seeking social support.
Mindfulness and Acceptance Therapy
- Mindfulness is a key component of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
- ACT aims to help stigmatized individuals confront their stigma-related thoughts and reactions positively.
Covering
- Covering refers to efforts made to reduce the visibility of a stigmatizing attribute in social interactions.
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Description
This quiz focuses on key terms related to social stigma from Psychology Chapter 11. It includes definitions and concepts like stigma consciousness and self-concept. Test your understanding of how identity shapes our perceptions and interactions.