Social Science Concepts Quiz

The idea that all modern humans originated in Africa and spread out to other parts of the world.

The process by which living organisms have changed over time, leading to the development of new species.

A significant event or ceremony that marks a transition in a person's life or social status.

A belief system that involves the supernatural or spiritual realm, often involving deities or other unseen entities.

A lineage system where ancestry is traced through the father's side of the family.

A lineage system where ancestry is traced through the mother's side of the family.

A lineage system where ancestry is traced through both the father and mother's sides of the family.

A group of people who trace their ancestry back to a common ancestor.

Marriages arranged by someone other than the couple, prioritizing economic, child-rearing, and kinship functions.

The process of adapting to a new culture, often involving a shift in cultural identity.

Adopting the dominant culture and abandoning one's own culture.

Blending one's own culture with the dominant culture.

Retaining one's own culture and distancing from the dominant culture.

Feeling a lack of belonging in both one's own culture and the dominant culture.

The stage where an individual questions their place in the dominant society, often triggered by events like racism or a desire to learn more about their culture.

The final stage where an individual embraces both cultures and forms a unique identity that incorporates both elements.

The process of learning the attitudes, behaviors, and values necessary to function in a society.

Interactions between members of the same group, influenced by internal and external factors.

The impact individuals have on one another's thoughts and feelings.

Learning basic survival skills for a society, like language and social norms.

Learning appropriate behavior in different social situations.

The process of adapting to a new social role or environment.

An assigned social role based on factors like age, sex, or family background.

A social role earned through effort and achievement.

Unwritten rules that dictate appropriate behavior within a group or culture.

The expectations and behaviors associated with a particular gender, often internalized through family norms.

The study of human societies and their cultures, using observation and analysis to understand how societies function and how they change over time.

Founder of sociology, coined the term and emphasized using observation and analysis to study society, and believed that society functioned logically to protect its members' interests.

A sociologist who studied social forces that bind societies together, believed that societies function logically to protect the interests of their members.

A philosopher and sociologist who believed that capitalism, with its class divisions, would eventually be replaced by communism, a classless society.

A sociologist who believed that human values and beliefs greatly influence how people behave and shape history.

A psychologist who developed psychoanalytic theory, believed that the mind has conscious and unconscious parts, and used hypnosis and free association to study the unconscious.

A psychologist who believed that people are motivated by the desire for power, and developed concepts like individual psychology and inferiority complex.

A psychologist who developed operant conditioning, a learning method that uses rewards and punishments to shape behavior.

A psychologist known for the law of effect, which states that behaviors that result in positive outcomes are more likely to be repeated, while those leading to negative outcomes will be avoided.

A psychologist who developed the concept of classical conditioning, a learning process that involves associating a neutral stimulus with a natural response.

Our self-concept is how we see ourselves based on our thoughts and feelings about who we are.

Fixation happens when someone gets stuck in an earlier stage of development because of unresolved problems from that stage.

The Oedipus complex is a child's unconscious attraction to their opposite-sex parent, usually a boy's desire for his mother.

The Electra complex is a girl's unconscious attraction to her father and rivalry with her mother.

Traits passed down through genes from parents to offspring.

Environmental factors are experiences and influences that shape our personalities as we grow.

A person's unique pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Gender identity is a person's sense of being male, female, or another gender.

A mental state where someone loses touch with reality, often experiencing hallucinations or delusions.

A false belief that someone strongly believes in, despite clear evidence to the contrary.

A perception of something that is not actually there, involving any of the five senses.

A psychological theory by Freud that describes eight stages of development from infancy to adulthood, each focusing on a different area of pleasure and conflict.

The first stage in Freud's Psychosexual stages, where infants derive pleasure from oral activities like sucking and biting.

The second stage in Freud's Psychosexual stages, where toddlers find pleasure in learning to control their bowels.

The third stage in Freud's Psychosexual stages, where children become aware of their genitals and experience sexual feelings towards the opposite-sex parent.

The fourth stage in Freud's Psychosexual stages, where children's sexual urges are dormant as they focus on social and intellectual development.