Social Relations: Ingroups & Outgroups Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is Personal Identity?

The ways that you see yourself and your sense of who you are.

Some parts of your personal identity involve what?

Group Identification

What is Identification?

To take in aspects or to be like.

What is Social Identity?

<p>Various social groups one identifies with and to those social groups one contrasts with.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Our social identities are formed based on who we identify with and based on who we do not identify with.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Are Ingroups?

<p>A group of people that have something in common which provides them with a shared sense of identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Example of Ingroups:

<p>People who like cats, people who live in Michigan, and people who go to UM Dearborn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ingroups become more important when they are what?

<p>Socially relevant</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an Outgroup?

<p>Those who don't belong to one's group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What things play a role in how we experience and form our social identities?

<p>Culture, society, and the distribution of power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Is Ingroup Favoritism?

<p>The broad tendency to prefer, more positively evaluate, and be more positively disposed to members of one's ingroup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ingroup favoritism may subtly lead to what?

<p>Discrimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ingroup favoritism automatically means that one will hold negative beliefs towards outgroups.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Henri Tajfel?

<p>French social Psychologist, developed the Minimal Group Research Paradigm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Is the Minimal Group Research Paradigm?

<p>Research method that can be used to study how ingroups and outgroups can influence perception, evaluation, and behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurred in the Minimal Group Research Paradigm?

<p>Participants were randomly placed into groups and are sometimes given trivial characteristics, like the same colored shirts, to enhance their sense of being an ingroup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who conducted the Minimal Group Painting Study?

<p>Tajfel and colleagues</p> Signup and view all the answers

There seems to be a tendency for ingroup bias even when there is no reasonable reason to believe group membership is meaningful and/or there is no actual reward or incentive for favoring the group.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

In situations where we see our individual success as partially or completely dependent on group success, the tendency for ingroup bias notably increases or decreases?

<p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discrimination against outgroup members doesn't occur due to ingroup preference.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What Is Group-Serving Bias?

<p>The general tendency for us to form more positive opinions about the groups to which we belong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Even when group membership is determined randomly, do people still show signs of ingroup favoritism and group-serving bias?

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Group serving bias suggests that we see others in our ingroup in more ____________ ways simply because we see them as part of our ingroup.

<p>Positive</p> Signup and view all the answers

In studies that use the minimal group procedure, people are generally placed into groups...

<p>Randomly</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ingroups come together with the explicit desire to always harm outgroups.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Conformity and obedience to a perceived legitimate authority can increase or decrease risk for harming outgroup members?

<p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

When violence is indirect or distant, risk for harming outgroup members increases or decreases?

<p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Personal Identity & Group Identification

  • Personal identity encompasses one's self-perception and sense of self.
  • Group identification is an integral aspect of personal identity.

Concepts of Identification

  • Identification involves adopting characteristics of a group or being similar to them.

Social Identity

  • Social identity consists of the social groups with which an individual identifies and contrasts themselves against.

Ingroups

  • Ingroups are groups sharing common interests or traits that foster a collective identity.
  • Examples include communities formed around interests (e.g. cat lovers) or locations (e.g., residents of Michigan).
  • The relevance of ingroups increases in social contexts.

Outgroups

  • Outgroups refer to individuals who do not belong to a specific group.

Influence on Social Identities

  • Experiences of social identity are shaped by culture, societal structure, and power distributions.

Ingroup Favoritism

  • Ingroup favoritism is the tendency to favor and positively evaluate members of one's own group.
  • It can lead to subtle forms of discrimination against outgroup members.

Attitudes and Treatment

  • Positive attitudes toward ingroup members can lead to preferential treatment without negative views towards outgroup members.
  • Holding ingroup favoritism does not inherently involve negative sentiments toward outgroup members.

Minimal Group Research Paradigm

  • Developed by Henri Tajfel, this methodological framework studies group dynamics.
  • The paradigm tests how arbitrary group membership influences perceptions and behaviors.
  • Participants in studies are randomly assigned to groups, reinforcing ingroup identity through trivial distinctions.

Ingroup Bias and Group Success

  • Ingroup bias is heightened when individual success is tied to group success.
  • Discrimination against outgroups frequently stems from ingroup preferences.

Group-Serving Bias and Generalizations

  • Group-serving bias describes the propensity to view ingroup members more positively.
  • Ingroup members are often perceived positively merely because they belong to the same group.
  • This bias persists even under random group assignments.

Impacts on Behavior

  • Individuals exhibit ingroup favoritism regardless of the significance of group membership.
  • Conformity and obedience to authority figures can exacerbate the likelihood of harming outgroup members.
  • Risks of harm to outgroup members increase when violence is indirect or distant.

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Description

Explore the concepts of personal and social identity through these flashcards. Understand how group identification shapes our sense of self and the dynamics between ingroups and outgroups. Perfect for students studying social psychology or related fields.

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