Questions and Answers
What is Personal Identity?
The ways that you see yourself and your sense of who you are.
Some parts of your personal identity involve what?
Group Identification
What is Identification?
To take in aspects or to be like.
What is Social Identity?
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Our social identities are formed based on who we identify with and based on who we do not identify with.
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What Are Ingroups?
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Example of Ingroups:
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Ingroups become more important when they are what?
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What is an Outgroup?
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What things play a role in how we experience and form our social identities?
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What Is Ingroup Favoritism?
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Ingroup favoritism may subtly lead to what?
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Ingroup favoritism automatically means that one will hold negative beliefs towards outgroups.
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Who is Henri Tajfel?
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What Is the Minimal Group Research Paradigm?
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What occurred in the Minimal Group Research Paradigm?
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Who conducted the Minimal Group Painting Study?
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There seems to be a tendency for ingroup bias even when there is no reasonable reason to believe group membership is meaningful and/or there is no actual reward or incentive for favoring the group.
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In situations where we see our individual success as partially or completely dependent on group success, the tendency for ingroup bias notably increases or decreases?
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Discrimination against outgroup members doesn't occur due to ingroup preference.
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What Is Group-Serving Bias?
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Even when group membership is determined randomly, do people still show signs of ingroup favoritism and group-serving bias?
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Group serving bias suggests that we see others in our ingroup in more ____________ ways simply because we see them as part of our ingroup.
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In studies that use the minimal group procedure, people are generally placed into groups...
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Ingroups come together with the explicit desire to always harm outgroups.
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Conformity and obedience to a perceived legitimate authority can increase or decrease risk for harming outgroup members?
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When violence is indirect or distant, risk for harming outgroup members increases or decreases?
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Study Notes
Personal Identity & Group Identification
- Personal identity encompasses one's self-perception and sense of self.
- Group identification is an integral aspect of personal identity.
Concepts of Identification
- Identification involves adopting characteristics of a group or being similar to them.
Social Identity
- Social identity consists of the social groups with which an individual identifies and contrasts themselves against.
Ingroups
- Ingroups are groups sharing common interests or traits that foster a collective identity.
- Examples include communities formed around interests (e.g. cat lovers) or locations (e.g., residents of Michigan).
- The relevance of ingroups increases in social contexts.
Outgroups
- Outgroups refer to individuals who do not belong to a specific group.
Influence on Social Identities
- Experiences of social identity are shaped by culture, societal structure, and power distributions.
Ingroup Favoritism
- Ingroup favoritism is the tendency to favor and positively evaluate members of one's own group.
- It can lead to subtle forms of discrimination against outgroup members.
Attitudes and Treatment
- Positive attitudes toward ingroup members can lead to preferential treatment without negative views towards outgroup members.
- Holding ingroup favoritism does not inherently involve negative sentiments toward outgroup members.
Minimal Group Research Paradigm
- Developed by Henri Tajfel, this methodological framework studies group dynamics.
- The paradigm tests how arbitrary group membership influences perceptions and behaviors.
- Participants in studies are randomly assigned to groups, reinforcing ingroup identity through trivial distinctions.
Ingroup Bias and Group Success
- Ingroup bias is heightened when individual success is tied to group success.
- Discrimination against outgroups frequently stems from ingroup preferences.
Group-Serving Bias and Generalizations
- Group-serving bias describes the propensity to view ingroup members more positively.
- Ingroup members are often perceived positively merely because they belong to the same group.
- This bias persists even under random group assignments.
Impacts on Behavior
- Individuals exhibit ingroup favoritism regardless of the significance of group membership.
- Conformity and obedience to authority figures can exacerbate the likelihood of harming outgroup members.
- Risks of harm to outgroup members increase when violence is indirect or distant.
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Description
Explore the concepts of personal and social identity through these flashcards. Understand how group identification shapes our sense of self and the dynamics between ingroups and outgroups. Perfect for students studying social psychology or related fields.
