Social Identity Theory and Personal Identity
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Questions and Answers

At what age do children develop an understanding of their existence as separate individuals?

18 months

What is the primary focus of Humanistic Psychology?

to help people fulfill their potential and maximize their wellbeing

What is the term used to describe how someone thinks about or perceives themselves?

self-concept

What is self-efficacy, and how does it relate to Humanistic Psychology?

<p>Self-efficacy is the belief in one's ability to succeed; it is a key concept in Humanistic Psychology, emphasizing individual empowerment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Humanistic Psychology and other approaches?

<p>Humanistic Psychology focuses on helping people fulfill their potential and maximize their wellbeing, rather than concentrating on dysfunction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Social Psychology define the concept of self?

<p>The concept of self in Social Psychology refers to how we think about and evaluate ourselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of self-awareness in the formation of a self-concept?

<p>Self-awareness is essential for developing a self-concept, as it enables individuals to form an understanding of themselves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between self-concept and self-presentation?

<p>Self-presentation is influenced by an individual's self-concept, as it shapes how they present themselves to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of self-conscious emotions, such as guilt, shame, and embarrassment, in the context of self-concept?

<p>Self-conscious emotions, such as guilt, shame, and embarrassment, play a crucial role in shaping an individual's self-concept.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-concept only refers to an individual's sense of identity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Introspection is the primary source of self-knowledge.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-esteem is a neutral evaluation of oneself.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-knowledge is not essential in directing and regulating our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social psychologists view self as a fixed entity.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-knowledge only consists of self-concept.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Social Identity Theory, people tend to distance themselves from outgroup members who perform poorly.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-concept in interdependent cultures emphasizes traits that generally describe them across situations.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study comparing self-concepts of college students in India and the United States used a Twenty Statements Test with three categories.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intragroup comparison involves comparing oneself to outgroup members.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Western cultures are characterized by an independent self-concept.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Social Identity Theory suggests that people tend to move closer to negative ingroup members.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The self-concept is developed after the age of 5 in children.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-esteem is a component of self-concept.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Humanistic Psychology focuses on dysfunction rather than personal growth.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-awareness is the same as self-presentation.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-efficacy is a key concept in Humanistic Psychology.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Self-concept is only relevant in Social Psychology.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Self-Concept and Social Identity

  • Self-concept refers to how we think about and evaluate ourselves, encompassing our sense of identity and set of beliefs about ourselves.
  • Social identity theory suggests that we tend to move closer to positive others with whom we share an identity but distance from in-group members who perform poorly or otherwise make our social identity negative.
  • Personal identity refers to how we categorize ourselves as an individual, while social identity refers to how we categorize ourselves as a member of a group.
  • Intragroup comparison involves comparing ourselves to other ingroup members, whereas intergroup comparison involves comparing our ingroup to outgroups.

Cultural Differences in Self-Concept

  • Cultures influence the type of self-concept people construct, with Western cultures emphasizing self-schema and independent traits, and interdependent cultures emphasizing roles and relationships.
  • A study comparing self-concepts of college students in India and the United States found differences in self-statements, with Indian students emphasizing social identity and relationships.

Self-Knowledge and Self-Esteem

  • Self-knowledge has two components: self-concept (beliefs about our personal qualities) and self-esteem (positive or negative evaluation of ourselves).
  • Sources of self-knowledge include introspection, drawing inferences from behaviors, and social comparison theory.
  • Self-perception theory states that we learn about ourselves by observing our behavior and making inferences about our motivations.

Humanistic Psychology and Self-Concept

  • Humanistic psychology emphasizes free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization, focusing on fulfilling potential and maximizing wellbeing.
  • Self-concept is essential in humanistic psychology, defining how we think about and evaluate ourselves.

Development of Self-Concept

  • The concept of self emerges by 18 months, with children developing a sense of themselves as separate individuals and forming a self-concept as they grow older.
  • Self-concept is the entire sum of a person's impression of themselves, comprising their sense of identity and set of beliefs about themselves.

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Description

This quiz explores how we categorize ourselves in relation to others, including personal identity, social identity, and the comparison we make with ingroup and outgroup members. It delves into social identity theory and the continuum of personal versus social identity.

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