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Questions and Answers
What is a major challenge in making sense of the social world?
What is a major challenge in making sense of the social world?
- Lack of interest
- Sheer quantity of information (correct)
- Limited information
- Inability to focus
What does Arie Kruglanski's theory of lay epistemology emphasize?
What does Arie Kruglanski's theory of lay epistemology emphasize?
The choice of when to stop thinking and reach a conclusion.
What is the need for accurate knowledge often active?
What is the need for accurate knowledge often active?
- When there is a risk of negative consequences (correct)
- When feeling confident
- When making casual decisions
- When under no pressure
What can trigger the need for nonspecific closure?
What can trigger the need for nonspecific closure?
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What can activate the need for specific closure?
What can activate the need for specific closure?
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How do personality traits influence thinking motives?
How do personality traits influence thinking motives?
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Study Notes
The Challenges of Social Cognition
- Navigating social information is difficult due to the overwhelming volume of data available at any moment.
- Example scenario: Choosing a movie on Netflix can be paralyzing due to the variety of titles and the need to consider personal preferences and social dynamics.
Arie Kruglanski's Theory of Lay Epistemology
- Kruglanski's theory outlines three key motives that determine how and when we conclude our thinking:
- The Need for Accurate Knowledge
- The Need for Nonspecific Closure
- The Need for Specific Closure
The Need for Accurate Knowledge
- This motive is heightened in situations where incorrect judgments may lead to negative personal consequences.
- Example: Choosing a movie that reflects personal taste to avoid embarrassment or making informed voting decisions during elections based on candidate positions about war and peace.
The Need for Nonspecific Closure
- This motive takes precedence in situations requiring significant mental effort or under stress.
- People may opt for quicker decisions, such as choosing the first recommended movie, when feeling time-constrained or overwhelmed.
The Need for Specific Closure
- Comes into play when personal beliefs and values are challenged or when they are integral to one’s identity.
- Example: Strong political beliefs may drive individuals to advocate for military action despite opposing evidence, prioritizing alignment with their values over seeking accurate information.
Influence of Personality Traits
- Individual personality traits impact which motive predominates in decision-making.
- Some individuals may have a higher need for nonspecific closure, preferring simplified, definitive knowledge to reduce cognitive strain.
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