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Questions and Answers
What is the difference between self concept and self esteem?
What is the difference between self concept and self esteem?
What is a self-schema?
What is a self-schema?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a self-schema?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a self-schema?
What is a primary aspect of how the self is developed?
What is a primary aspect of how the self is developed?
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What is the main idea of the text in relation to social comparisons?
What is the main idea of the text in relation to social comparisons?
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What is the primary focus of self-esteem in collectivist cultures?
What is the primary focus of self-esteem in collectivist cultures?
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How do individualist cultures typically view self-esteem?
How do individualist cultures typically view self-esteem?
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What is a common characteristic of upward social comparisons in collectivist cultures?
What is a common characteristic of upward social comparisons in collectivist cultures?
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Which statement best describes the looking-glass self?
Which statement best describes the looking-glass self?
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What type of self-evaluations are typical in individualist cultures?
What type of self-evaluations are typical in individualist cultures?
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Flashcards
Self Concept
Self Concept
The beliefs and thoughts you have about yourself.
Self Esteem
Self Esteem
Your feelings and emotional evaluation of yourself.
Self Presentation
Self Presentation
The way you behave and interact with others.
Self-Schema
Self-Schema
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Social Comparisons
Social Comparisons
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Lake Woebegone Effect
Lake Woebegone Effect
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Collectivist Cultures
Collectivist Cultures
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Individualist Cultures
Individualist Cultures
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Looking-Glass Self
Looking-Glass Self
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Self-Esteem in Cultures
Self-Esteem in Cultures
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Study Notes
Social Psychology - Chapter 2: The Social Self
- The self is comprised of three components:
- Self-concept (cognitive): This is what you think about yourself, including who you are.
- Self-esteem (affective/emotional): How you feel about yourself, including your sense of self-worth.
- Self-presentation (behavioral): How you act, and how you interact with others.
The Self
- The self is a multifaceted concept, encompassing various aspects of self-understanding.
- Self-concept: A summary of the beliefs you hold about yourself. It's influenced by knowledge areas such as:
- Gender, values, family position and other factors.
- People compare themselves with others, this influences their self-concept development,
- Self-schemas: Beliefs about yourself that guide how you process information. For instance, your gender, values or family position.
Self and Social Comparisons
- We compare ourselves to others and recognize our differences.
- Social comparisons can have positive or negative effects depending on the context.
Self and Social Comparisons - Other People's Judgments
- Positive and negative judgments from others can have different effects.
- The looking-glass self is our perception of how others see us, which shapes our self-concept.
Self and Culture
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Collectivist cultures prioritize group needs, leading to malleable and relational self-esteem and balanced self-evaluations. Relationships influence self-esteem.
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Individualist cultures prioritize personal needs, resulting in less relational self-esteem and more personal evaluations.
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Individualists' self-esteem tends to be more self-focused.
Table 2-2: Self-Concept
- Shows the differences between independent and interdependent self-concepts in different cultures, highlighting factors such as personal achievement, liberties, and social responsibilities.
Self-Knowledge
- Predicting behaviour: People underestimate the time it takes to complete a task.
- Planning fallacy: The tendency to underestimate how long a task will take to complete.
- Predicting feelings: People tend to overestimate how they will feel in the future. Affective forecasting is the prediction of future feelings.
- Impact bias: Overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events.
- Dual attitude system: Implicit (automatic) and explicit (conscious) attitudes exist simultaneously.
Self-Esteem
- The affective component of the self.
- It acts as a sociometer, indicating how well you are perceived by others.
- Self-esteem maintenance motive: This is the desire to maintain and enhance self-worth.
- Compassion can be a route to self-esteem.
Self-Efficacy
- Belief in one's own competence.
- Differentiated from self-esteem, reflecting a sense of self-liking.
Self-Esteem life Outcomes
- High self-esteem may increase anxiety and worry.
- Does high self-esteem lead to better life outcomes?
The Trade-off of Low vs. High Self-Esteem
- Low self-esteem is linked to anxiety, loneliness, and eating disorders.
- High self-esteem can sometimes create narcissism, which is linked to aggression. Narcissism and self-esteem often correlate, depending on contexts.
Self-esteem and Motivation
- Narcissism and self-esteem can impact aggression.
Self-Discrepancy Theory
- Compares the actual self (who you are) with the ideal self (who you want to be) and the ought self (who you should be).
- Discrepancies between these selves can lead to different feelings (e.g., guilt, anxiety, shame, disappointment).
Self-Esteem Maintenance
- Self-serving bias: Attributing success to internal factors and failure to external factors.
- Self-enhancement: Tendency to perceive oneself favorably.
- Implicit egotism: Preference for things associated with the self.
- Positive illusions: Overly positive views of the self.
- Downward social comparisons: Comparing oneself to those worse off.
Unrealistic Optimism
- Most people are optimistic about future events.
- This optimism can be unrealistic.
- Optimism can sometimes enhance self-efficacy, and buffer against vulnerabilities, but can also create unrealistic expectations.
Ironic Mental Processes
- The harder you try to control a thought, the more you think about it.
False Consensus and Uniqueness
- False consensus effect: Overestimating the prevalence of one's opinions and undesirable behaviors.
- False uniqueness effect: Underestimating the prevalence of one's abilities and desirable behaviors.
Explaining Self-Serving Bias
- Detailed examples of self-serving bias, illustrating how it works.
Self-Handicapping
- Behaviour that creates a handy excuse for later failure (e.g., partying before an exam) to protect the self-image.
Impression Management
- Self-presentation: Wanting to present a desired image to the world.
- Self-monitoring: Being attuned to how one presents oneself socially and adjusting one's performance.
Self-Presentation Strategies
- Strategic methods, such as ingratiation or self-promotion, to shape one's presentation of self, are also used.
- Self-verification: Attempting to get others to see oneself accurately.
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Description
Explore the intricate components of the self as discussed in Chapter 2 of Social Psychology. This quiz examines self-concept, self-esteem, and self-presentation, providing insights into how individuals perceive and present themselves in social contexts. Understand the role of social comparisons and their influence on self-development.
