Ch2

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Questions and Answers

What influences the development of our self-concept?

Our educational background

Our personal achievements only

Our socioeconomic status only

Our interactions with others (correct)

Which component is NOT part of self-concept?

Attitudes

Habits (correct)

Values

Beliefs

What does the term 'self-fulfilling prophecy' refer to?

The innate sense of self-worth we believe we possess

A label we assign to ourselves based on personal standards

When we adopt expectations from others and live up to them (correct)

A prophecy made by ourselves regarding our achievements

Which attachment style is characterized by positivity and confidence in relationships?

Secure attachment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can influence attachment styles?

Communication patterns with caregivers Signup and view all the answers

What are 'identity scripts' primarily focused on?

Rules for living and identity Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of individuals with a secure attachment style?

They are outgoing and affectionate Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes our perception of how others view us?

Reflected appraisals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of direct definitions?

A negative label given by a parent Signup and view all the answers

Why might children from poorer families be less likely to develop secure attachment styles?

They may experience less consistent care and attention Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary ways through which individuals learn their culture's values?

Interacting with others, social institutions, and media Signup and view all the answers

Which factor significantly influences identity development regarding race?

Racism and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

How does socioeconomic class affect an individual's opportunities?

It influences access to resources like education and health care Signup and view all the answers

What role does media play in identity development?

It helps in internalizing cultural values and social expectations Signup and view all the answers

What does intersectionality refer to in the context of identity?

The interconnectedness of overlapping social categories Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing gender identity development?

Ethnic and national identification Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect influences the opportunities related to sexual orientation?

Legal challenges and traditional beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential benefit of social movements for marginalized groups?

They promote self-empowerment and raise awareness Signup and view all the answers

In what way does culture typically impact personal identity?

It provides a set of values and norms to follow Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes an effect of gender socialization?

It can reinforce traditional gender roles and expectations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Self

The self is a complex and multi-faceted process.
We develop a sense of self based on interactions with others.
Interactions with others shape both positive and negative self-images.
Our interactions with others help us experience who we are.

Self-concept Components

The self-concept is comprised of:
- Attitudes (likes and dislikes)
- Beliefs (true and false)
- Values (good and bad, right and wrong)

Self-esteem

Self-esteem is our perception of our own worth.

Particular Others

Particular others are those individuals who have a significant impact on our self-concept.
Examples of particular others include family members and peers.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

This occurs when we accept and act in accordance with others' expectations or judgments about us.
It can be a positive or negative force.

We naturally compare ourselves to others.
It is healthy to make realistic comparisons.

Direct Definitions

These are labels that directly define us, either positively or negatively.

Identity Scripts

Identity scripts are rules for living and our identity.

Reflected Appraisals

This is our perception of how others view us.
We often reflect what we think others think of us.

Attachment Styles

Attachment styles are influenced by communication patterns experienced with caregivers.
They are not permanent and can change.
They don't determine the outcome of our relationships. They are part of a complex interpersonal system.
Socioeconomic status can influence attachment styles.

Secure Attachment Style

This is the most positive style.
It develops when a caregiver is consistently loving and attentive.
Securely attached adults are typically outgoing, affectionate, and comfortable with the ups and downs of relationships. They are confident in relationships and feel comfortable being single.
Two-thirds of children in middle-class families develop a secure attachment style. Children from poorer families are less likely to develop this style.

The Generalized Other

The generalized other refers to the views held by society that influence our identities.
Society's expectations and norms are learned through interactions with others, social institutions, and media.
Cultural Values:
- Family members, schools, government, religion, and media all contribute to the internalization of cultural values.
Western Societies:
- Emphasize the role of race, sex and gender, sexual orientation and gender identity, and socioeconomic class in shaping identity.
- Intersectionality highlights the interconnectedness of these social categories, leading to unique challenges for those with multiple marginalized identities.
Social Movements:
- Growing self-empowerment exists in marginalized groups through social movements, pride events, and legal battles.
- This empowerment is a result of individuals embracing their identities and advocating for self-development, self-concept, and self-esteem.

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Description

Explore the intricacies of self, self-concept, and self-esteem in this quiz. Understand how our interactions with particular others influence our self-image, beliefs, values, and perceptions of worth. Test your knowledge on social comparisons and the self-fulfilling prophecy.

Ch2