Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of self-esteem?
Which of the following is NOT a component of self-esteem?
- Self-efficacy (correct)
- Narcissism (correct)
- Self-compassion (correct)
- Subjective evaluation of self
What is the primary measure used for global self-esteem?
What is the primary measure used for global self-esteem?
- Collective Self-Esteem Scale
- CSE Scale
- Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (correct)
- Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale
What aspect does collective self-esteem focus on?
What aspect does collective self-esteem focus on?
- Coping mechanisms for self-acceptance
- Personal relationships and friendships
- Individual accomplishments and abilities
- Evaluation of identified ingroups (correct)
Which of the following best describes 'Basking in Reflected Glory' (BIRGing)?
Which of the following best describes 'Basking in Reflected Glory' (BIRGing)?
How does the 'Appearance' contingency of worth influence self-esteem?
How does the 'Appearance' contingency of worth influence self-esteem?
Which of the following components is NOT a part of the contingencies of self-worth?
Which of the following components is NOT a part of the contingencies of self-worth?
Which statement accurately reflects the view of self-worth in the context of family support?
Which statement accurately reflects the view of self-worth in the context of family support?
Which option best describes 'Self-efficacy'?
Which option best describes 'Self-efficacy'?
What does the availability heuristic suggest about information retrieval?
What does the availability heuristic suggest about information retrieval?
Which theory posits that individuals understand their identity by reflecting on their own behaviors?
Which theory posits that individuals understand their identity by reflecting on their own behaviors?
What is a primary function of schemas in social psychology?
What is a primary function of schemas in social psychology?
In Heider's Theory of Attribution, high motivation and high ability correspond to which type of attribution?
In Heider's Theory of Attribution, high motivation and high ability correspond to which type of attribution?
What does the Overjustification Effect imply about people's motivation?
What does the Overjustification Effect imply about people's motivation?
Which of the following influences the organization of information in an individual's schema?
Which of the following influences the organization of information in an individual's schema?
Which of the following best describes self-discrepancy theory?
Which of the following best describes self-discrepancy theory?
What role does the semantic activation network play in social interactions?
What role does the semantic activation network play in social interactions?
What does self-awareness imply about the self?
What does self-awareness imply about the self?
How does social comparison theory categorize the types of comparisons one can make?
How does social comparison theory categorize the types of comparisons one can make?
What is a key component of social identity theory?
What is a key component of social identity theory?
Which of the following best describes self-schema theory?
Which of the following best describes self-schema theory?
In the context of the self-concept, what does WIDE stand for?
In the context of the self-concept, what does WIDE stand for?
What does the mirror recognition test primarily assess?
What does the mirror recognition test primarily assess?
Why is the social self considered a story we tell ourselves?
Why is the social self considered a story we tell ourselves?
What does the self-concept encompass?
What does the self-concept encompass?
What characterizes individuals with low self-monitoring (SM) according to the content?
What characterizes individuals with low self-monitoring (SM) according to the content?
Which of the following is NOT a form of impression management mentioned in the content?
Which of the following is NOT a form of impression management mentioned in the content?
According to the Optimal Margin Theory, what aspect of positive illusions can be beneficial?
According to the Optimal Margin Theory, what aspect of positive illusions can be beneficial?
What does the term 'self-serving bias' refer to?
What does the term 'self-serving bias' refer to?
How do high self-monitoring individuals typically behave in social situations?
How do high self-monitoring individuals typically behave in social situations?
What does self-discrepancy theory propose occurs due to a discrepancy between the three selves?
What does self-discrepancy theory propose occurs due to a discrepancy between the three selves?
Which of the following best describes cognitive dissonance?
Which of the following best describes cognitive dissonance?
What is an example of 'self-enhancement' in impression management?
What is an example of 'self-enhancement' in impression management?
How does self-monitoring affect individual behavior in social situations?
How does self-monitoring affect individual behavior in social situations?
What does the concept of 'subjective age' refer to in the context of Optimal Margin Theory?
What does the concept of 'subjective age' refer to in the context of Optimal Margin Theory?
What is the general tendency of impression management in social contexts?
What is the general tendency of impression management in social contexts?
What primarily drives the self-expansion theory?
What primarily drives the self-expansion theory?
What happens when discrepancies in self-concept are unresolved according to self-expansion theory?
What happens when discrepancies in self-concept are unresolved according to self-expansion theory?
Which of the following best explains the phenomenon of 'conspicuous consumption'?
Which of the following best explains the phenomenon of 'conspicuous consumption'?
What characteristic distinguishes high self-monitors from low self-monitors?
What characteristic distinguishes high self-monitors from low self-monitors?
How does perceived similarity influence self-expansion according to self-expansion theory?
How does perceived similarity influence self-expansion according to self-expansion theory?
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Study Notes
Defining Self-Esteem
- Self-esteem is a personal evaluation of one’s self-concept, rooted in subjective feelings.
- It is distinct from self-compassion, narcissism, and self-efficacy.
Measuring Self-Esteem
- Global self-esteem can be measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, available on Open Psychometrics.
- Collective self-esteem focuses on evaluation of social group memberships, with a specific measure available through Ohio State University's Crocker Lab.
- Contingencies of worth assess various factors influencing self-esteem, including societal approval, competition, and personal attributes.
Collective Self-Esteem
- Involves evaluation of one's social groups:
- Membership reflects pride in belonging.
- Private assessment may involve regret about group affiliations.
- Public perception pertains to how groups are viewed socially.
- Identity indicators indicate minimal influence on self-esteem from group memberships.
- Basking in reflected glory (BIRGing) enhances self-esteem through association with successful groups, impacting collective self-esteem and social identity.
Contingencies of Self-Worth
- Factors affecting self-worth include appearance, divine love, competition, virtue, approval from others, family support, and academic competence.
Concept of the Self
- The self is narratively constructed and inherently social, involving interactions with family, friends, and broader communities.
- Self-awareness distinguishes one's self from external entities, with insights from Darwin on imitation and mirror neurons.
- The mirror recognition test indicates self-awareness in both humans and animals.
Self-Concept and Social Comparison
- Self-concept serves as a personal identity summary, shaped by social comparison (upward and downward).
- The WIDE model illustrates how similar others influence self-concept, providing frameworks for self-esteem protection.
Social Identity and Schema Theory
- Social identity theory emphasizes natural categorization of differences, leading to ingroup/outgroup differentiation.
- Self-schema theory categorizes knowledge about the self into various schemas, which affect information retrieval and influence cognitive processing.
Cognitive Dissonance and Self-Expansion Theory
- Self-discrepancy theory posits three self-concepts: actual, ideal, and ought selves, with discrepancies causing negative emotions.
- Cognitive dissonance arises from inconsistencies in beliefs or behaviors, prompting adjustments in attitudes or perceptions.
- Self-expansion theory highlights intrinsic motivation for personal growth through relationships, with perceived similarity enhancing this drive.
Self-Monitoring and Impression Management
- Self-monitoring, akin to social chameleons, involves altering behavior to adapt to various situations.
- High self-monitors adjust their actions according to social context, which may lead to perceptions of inauthenticity in roles such as sales and politics.
- Impression management encompasses strategies like ingratiation (impression enhancement) and self-promotion, with implications on societal perceptions.
Truth and Self-Perception
- Optimistic self-perception can lead to beneficially distorted views, encapsulated in optimal margin theory that emphasizes positive illusions.
- Self-serving bias reflects individuals' tendencies to overestimate their abilities and attribute success to internal factors while blaming external circumstances for failure.
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