Self-Esteem Measurement in Social Psychology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of self-esteem?

Self-efficacy (correct)

Narcissism (correct)

Self-compassion (correct)

Subjective evaluation of self

What is the primary measure used for global self-esteem?

Collective Self-Esteem Scale

CSE Scale

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (correct)

Contingencies of Self-Worth Scale

What aspect does collective self-esteem focus on?

Coping mechanisms for self-acceptance

Personal relationships and friendships

Individual accomplishments and abilities

Evaluation of identified ingroups (correct)

Which of the following best describes 'Basking in Reflected Glory' (BIRGing)?

Gaining self-esteem from group successes Signup and view all the answers

How does the 'Appearance' contingency of worth influence self-esteem?

Linked to personal looks and attractiveness Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components is NOT a part of the contingencies of self-worth?

Physical health Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the view of self-worth in the context of family support?

It can enhance one's self-esteem based on familial relationships. Signup and view all the answers

Which option best describes 'Self-efficacy'?

Belief in one's own abilities to succeed Signup and view all the answers

What does the availability heuristic suggest about information retrieval?

Easier retrieval leads to the belief that an event occurs more often. Signup and view all the answers

Which theory posits that individuals understand their identity by reflecting on their own behaviors?

Self-perception theory Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of schemas in social psychology?

To simplify information processing. Signup and view all the answers

In Heider's Theory of Attribution, high motivation and high ability correspond to which type of attribution?

Confident Internal Attribution Signup and view all the answers

What does the Overjustification Effect imply about people's motivation?

Introducing external rewards can decrease intrinsic motivation. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following influences the organization of information in an individual's schema?

The frequency with which the information is accessed. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes self-discrepancy theory?

It argues that discrepancies between self-concepts lead to emotional discomfort. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the semantic activation network play in social interactions?

It enables quick access to related concepts during conversations. Signup and view all the answers

What does self-awareness imply about the self?

It involves imitation and recognition of oneself. Signup and view all the answers

How does social comparison theory categorize the types of comparisons one can make?

Upward and downward comparisons. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of social identity theory?

Categorization of self and others into groups. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes self-schema theory?

It refers to the organization of beliefs and ideas about oneself. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the self-concept, what does WIDE stand for?

Similar Others, Influences Self Concept, Upward or Downward, Protection of Esteem. Signup and view all the answers

What does the mirror recognition test primarily assess?

Recognition of self among humans and animals. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the social self considered a story we tell ourselves?

It involves a narrative shaped by interactions with others. Signup and view all the answers

What does the self-concept encompass?

A comprehensive personal summary including beliefs and values. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes individuals with low self-monitoring (SM) according to the content?

They have a consistent way of acting across various situations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a form of impression management mentioned in the content?

Emotional suppression Signup and view all the answers

According to the Optimal Margin Theory, what aspect of positive illusions can be beneficial?

A sense of control over life circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'self-serving bias' refer to?

The skewed perception of one's own traits and behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

How do high self-monitoring individuals typically behave in social situations?

They adjust their behavior to align with social expectations. Signup and view all the answers

What does self-discrepancy theory propose occurs due to a discrepancy between the three selves?

Negative emotions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes cognitive dissonance?

Discrepancy between attitudes or attitudes and behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of 'self-enhancement' in impression management?

Taking undue credit for team success. Signup and view all the answers

How does self-monitoring affect individual behavior in social situations?

It allows for flexibility in self-presentation, akin to a social chameleon Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'subjective age' refer to in the context of Optimal Margin Theory?

The difference between felt age and actual age. Signup and view all the answers

What is the general tendency of impression management in social contexts?

Manipulating perceptions to achieve desired outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drives the self-expansion theory?

Basic intrinsic motivation to grow and improve Signup and view all the answers

What happens when discrepancies in self-concept are unresolved according to self-expansion theory?

Relationships may end due to perceived lack of expansion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains the phenomenon of 'conspicuous consumption'?

Buying luxury items to display wealth. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes high self-monitors from low self-monitors?

Increased awareness and adaptability to social cues Signup and view all the answers

How does perceived similarity influence self-expansion according to self-expansion theory?

It enhances the desire to expand oneself Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Defining Self-Esteem

Self-esteem is a personal evaluation of one’s self-concept, rooted in subjective feelings.
It is distinct from self-compassion, narcissism, and self-efficacy.

Measuring Self-Esteem

Global self-esteem can be measured using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, available on Open Psychometrics.
Collective self-esteem focuses on evaluation of social group memberships, with a specific measure available through Ohio State University's Crocker Lab.
Contingencies of worth assess various factors influencing self-esteem, including societal approval, competition, and personal attributes.

Collective Self-Esteem

Involves evaluation of one's social groups:
- Membership reflects pride in belonging.
- Private assessment may involve regret about group affiliations.
- Public perception pertains to how groups are viewed socially.
- Identity indicators indicate minimal influence on self-esteem from group memberships.
Basking in reflected glory (BIRGing) enhances self-esteem through association with successful groups, impacting collective self-esteem and social identity.

Contingencies of Self-Worth

Factors affecting self-worth include appearance, divine love, competition, virtue, approval from others, family support, and academic competence.

Concept of the Self

The self is narratively constructed and inherently social, involving interactions with family, friends, and broader communities.
Self-awareness distinguishes one's self from external entities, with insights from Darwin on imitation and mirror neurons.
The mirror recognition test indicates self-awareness in both humans and animals.

Self-concept serves as a personal identity summary, shaped by social comparison (upward and downward).
The WIDE model illustrates how similar others influence self-concept, providing frameworks for self-esteem protection.

Social identity theory emphasizes natural categorization of differences, leading to ingroup/outgroup differentiation.
Self-schema theory categorizes knowledge about the self into various schemas, which affect information retrieval and influence cognitive processing.

Cognitive Dissonance and Self-Expansion Theory

Self-discrepancy theory posits three self-concepts: actual, ideal, and ought selves, with discrepancies causing negative emotions.
Cognitive dissonance arises from inconsistencies in beliefs or behaviors, prompting adjustments in attitudes or perceptions.
Self-expansion theory highlights intrinsic motivation for personal growth through relationships, with perceived similarity enhancing this drive.

Self-Monitoring and Impression Management

Self-monitoring, akin to social chameleons, involves altering behavior to adapt to various situations.
High self-monitors adjust their actions according to social context, which may lead to perceptions of inauthenticity in roles such as sales and politics.
Impression management encompasses strategies like ingratiation (impression enhancement) and self-promotion, with implications on societal perceptions.

Truth and Self-Perception

Optimistic self-perception can lead to beneficially distorted views, encapsulated in optimal margin theory that emphasizes positive illusions.
Self-serving bias reflects individuals' tendencies to overestimate their abilities and attribute success to internal factors while blaming external circumstances for failure.

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Description

Explore the concepts surrounding self-esteem as defined in Social Psychology, 1e by Heinzen and Goodfriend. This quiz covers definitions, measurement strategies, and common misconceptions about self-esteem. Test your knowledge on personal evaluations and the differences from related concepts.