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Questions and Answers
What principle of distributive justice emphasizes rewards based on contributions?
What principle of distributive justice emphasizes rewards based on contributions?
Which theory focuses on comparing outcomes between individuals?
Which theory focuses on comparing outcomes between individuals?
According to research, how did Chinese participants prefer to distribute resources among friends?
According to research, how did Chinese participants prefer to distribute resources among friends?
What does retributive justice focus on?
What does retributive justice focus on?
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Which factor was found to be more strongly related to job satisfaction according to Alexander & Ruderman?
Which factor was found to be more strongly related to job satisfaction according to Alexander & Ruderman?
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Which model explores the influence of group identity on extra-role behavior?
Which model explores the influence of group identity on extra-role behavior?
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What principle of distributive justice involves resources allocated based on an individual's needs?
What principle of distributive justice involves resources allocated based on an individual's needs?
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Which outcome was more strongly predicted by procedural justice according to Colquitt et al.?
Which outcome was more strongly predicted by procedural justice according to Colquitt et al.?
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What is the outcome for overpaid individuals according to Walster et al. (1978)?
What is the outcome for overpaid individuals according to Walster et al. (1978)?
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Which characteristic describes individuals who fall outside the scope of justice?
Which characteristic describes individuals who fall outside the scope of justice?
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What factor influences the scope of justice according to the given content?
What factor influences the scope of justice according to the given content?
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What primarily interests social psychologists when studying justice?
What primarily interests social psychologists when studying justice?
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Which key factor enhances procedural justice?
Which key factor enhances procedural justice?
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According to social psychologists, what is a fundamental question regarding perceptions of fairness?
According to social psychologists, what is a fundamental question regarding perceptions of fairness?
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What was a finding of Kals & Strubel (2017) regarding support for refugees?
What was a finding of Kals & Strubel (2017) regarding support for refugees?
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During which context does the scope of justice typically narrow?
During which context does the scope of justice typically narrow?
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What does justice entail in a societal context?
What does justice entail in a societal context?
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Which type of justice is specifically concerned with interpersonal treatment in decision-making?
Which type of justice is specifically concerned with interpersonal treatment in decision-making?
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What is a hallmark of Social Exchange Theory?
What is a hallmark of Social Exchange Theory?
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What common misconception may arise regarding those classified outside the scope of justice?
What common misconception may arise regarding those classified outside the scope of justice?
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How did Pritchard et al. (1972) contribute to the understanding of motivations for justice?
How did Pritchard et al. (1972) contribute to the understanding of motivations for justice?
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Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Social Exchange Theory's concept of fairness?
Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Social Exchange Theory's concept of fairness?
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In the context of injustice, how is it defined according to social psychologists?
In the context of injustice, how is it defined according to social psychologists?
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What aspect of relationships does Social Exchange Theory primarily challenge?
What aspect of relationships does Social Exchange Theory primarily challenge?
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Study Notes
Overview of Social Psychology and Justice
- Social psychologists study how individuals perceive justice and injustice.
- They aim to understand how to create a more just society.
- Focus is on subjective experience of justice, not defining what is fair.
- Key questions include: What is perceived as fair? How are fairness perceptions formed? How do perceptions affect thoughts, feelings, and actions? What do people do to achieve justice?
What is Justice?
- Justice occurs when people are treated according to what they deserve.
- Justice involves fair treatment based on entitlement.
- Injustice occurs when rewards/punishments are disproportionate to what's deserved.
Social Exchange Theory of Justice
- Initially, some assumed motivation was purely self-interested.
- This view evolved to include Social Exchange Theory.
- Social Exchange Theory suggests people strive to maximize rewards and minimize costs in relationships.
- Fairness isn't always essential, but perceived fairness is important.
Examples of Social Exchange Theory
- Doing just the bare minimum to avoid complaints.
Research on Motivations for Justice
- Pritchard et al. (1972): Overpaid students worked harder to justify extra pay.
- Walster et al. (1978): Overpaid individuals worked harder to justify high pay.
- Schmitt & Marwell (1972): Overpaid may leave to earn fair pay
Scope of Justice
- It's a psychological boundary; who's entitled to fairness?
- Individuals within the scope are treated with fairness.
- People outside the scope often face harm.
- Similarity and perceived utility of the person/group are factors.
- Context like war/conflict narrows the scope; family prioritized over strangers in scarcity.
Types of Justice
Procedural Justice
- Concerned with how decisions are made (fairness of processes used).
- Key factors include consistency, bias suppression, accuracy, correctability, representativeness, ethicality.
Interactional Justice
- Focuses on interpersonal treatment during decision-making, evaluating truthfulness, justification, and respect.
Distributive Justice
- Concerns fair allocation of resources.
- Three main principles:Equity, equality, and need.
Distribution Theories
- Relative Deprivation Theory: Compares outcomes between individuals.
- Equity Theory: Fairness of input (effort) and output (reward).
- Updated Equity Theory analyzes how fairness are distributed using principles like Equity, equality , and need.
Research on Justice
- Leung & Bond (1984): Chinese participants preferred equal/equity-based distributions.
- Törnblom et al. (1985): Swedes preferred equality; Americans, equity.
Retributive Justice
- The theory that punishments should be proportional to the crime.
Procedural Justice vs. Distributive Justice
- Alexander & Ruderman (1987): Procedural justice is strongly related to job satisfaction.
- Colquitt et al. (2001): Procedural justice is a stronger predictor of job satisfaction, commitment
Group Engagement Model
- Explores how group identity influences extra-role behaviors (going beyond basic job requirements).
- Social identity and perceived fairness (processes and economic outcomes) influence extra-role behaviors, especially when group identification is strong.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of social psychology related to justice. This quiz delves into how individuals perceive fairness, the importance of subjective experiences, and the implications of Social Exchange Theory in understanding justice. Gain insights into achieving a more just society.
