Social Psychology and Justice Overview

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Questions and Answers

What principle of distributive justice emphasizes rewards based on contributions?

Fairness

Need

Equity (correct)

Equality

Which theory focuses on comparing outcomes between individuals?

Relative Deprivation Theory (correct)

Updated Equity Theory

Equity Theory

Distributive Equity Theory

According to research, how did Chinese participants prefer to distribute resources among friends?

Equity-based distributions

Equal distributions (correct)

Need-based distributions

Random distributions

What does retributive justice focus on?

Penalties proportional to crime Signup and view all the answers

Which factor was found to be more strongly related to job satisfaction according to Alexander & Ruderman?

Procedural justice Signup and view all the answers

Which model explores the influence of group identity on extra-role behavior?

Group Engagement Model Signup and view all the answers

What principle of distributive justice involves resources allocated based on an individual's needs?

Need Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome was more strongly predicted by procedural justice according to Colquitt et al.?

General job satisfaction Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome for overpaid individuals according to Walster et al. (1978)?

They work harder to justify their higher pay. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic describes individuals who fall outside the scope of justice?

They may experience harmful treatment and lack support. Signup and view all the answers

What factor influences the scope of justice according to the given content?

The similarity to the target individual. Signup and view all the answers

What primarily interests social psychologists when studying justice?

How others judge and respond to justice Signup and view all the answers

Which key factor enhances procedural justice?

Ethicality. Signup and view all the answers

According to social psychologists, what is a fundamental question regarding perceptions of fairness?

How are perceptions of fairness formed? Signup and view all the answers

What was a finding of Kals & Strubel (2017) regarding support for refugees?

Volunteers showed more support if refugees were viewed within their scope of justice. Signup and view all the answers

During which context does the scope of justice typically narrow?

During times of conflict or war. Signup and view all the answers

What does justice entail in a societal context?

Treating others according to what they are entitled to Signup and view all the answers

Which type of justice is specifically concerned with interpersonal treatment in decision-making?

Interactional Justice. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hallmark of Social Exchange Theory?

Seeking to maximize rewards while minimizing costs Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception may arise regarding those classified outside the scope of justice?

They are often justified to be harmed. Signup and view all the answers

How did Pritchard et al. (1972) contribute to the understanding of motivations for justice?

They indicated that overpaid students felt uncomfortable and performed more work. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates Social Exchange Theory's concept of fairness?

A student completes minimal assignments to maintain a passing grade. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of injustice, how is it defined according to social psychologists?

When rewards and punishments are not proportional to what is deserved Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of relationships does Social Exchange Theory primarily challenge?

The assumption that justice is the main motive in relationships Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Social psychologists study how individuals perceive justice and injustice.
They aim to understand how to create a more just society.
Focus is on subjective experience of justice, not defining what is fair.
Key questions include: What is perceived as fair? How are fairness perceptions formed? How do perceptions affect thoughts, feelings, and actions? What do people do to achieve justice?

What is Justice?

Justice occurs when people are treated according to what they deserve.
Justice involves fair treatment based on entitlement.
Injustice occurs when rewards/punishments are disproportionate to what's deserved.

Initially, some assumed motivation was purely self-interested.
This view evolved to include Social Exchange Theory.
Social Exchange Theory suggests people strive to maximize rewards and minimize costs in relationships.
Fairness isn't always essential, but perceived fairness is important.

Doing just the bare minimum to avoid complaints.

Research on Motivations for Justice

Pritchard et al. (1972): Overpaid students worked harder to justify extra pay.
Walster et al. (1978): Overpaid individuals worked harder to justify high pay.
Schmitt & Marwell (1972): Overpaid may leave to earn fair pay

Scope of Justice

It's a psychological boundary; who's entitled to fairness?
Individuals within the scope are treated with fairness.
People outside the scope often face harm.
Similarity and perceived utility of the person/group are factors.
Context like war/conflict narrows the scope; family prioritized over strangers in scarcity.

Types of Justice

Procedural Justice

Concerned with how decisions are made (fairness of processes used).
Key factors include consistency, bias suppression, accuracy, correctability, representativeness, ethicality.

Interactional Justice

Focuses on interpersonal treatment during decision-making, evaluating truthfulness, justification, and respect.

Distributive Justice

Concerns fair allocation of resources.
Three main principles:Equity, equality, and need.

Distribution Theories

Relative Deprivation Theory: Compares outcomes between individuals.
Equity Theory: Fairness of input (effort) and output (reward).
Updated Equity Theory analyzes how fairness are distributed using principles like Equity, equality , and need.

Research on Justice

Leung & Bond (1984): Chinese participants preferred equal/equity-based distributions.
Törnblom et al. (1985): Swedes preferred equality; Americans, equity.

Retributive Justice

The theory that punishments should be proportional to the crime.

Procedural Justice vs. Distributive Justice

Alexander & Ruderman (1987): Procedural justice is strongly related to job satisfaction.
Colquitt et al. (2001): Procedural justice is a stronger predictor of job satisfaction, commitment

Group Engagement Model

Explores how group identity influences extra-role behaviors (going beyond basic job requirements).
Social identity and perceived fairness (processes and economic outcomes) influence extra-role behaviors, especially when group identification is strong.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of social psychology related to justice. This quiz delves into how individuals perceive fairness, the importance of subjective experiences, and the implications of Social Exchange Theory in understanding justice. Gain insights into achieving a more just society.