Social Movements and Collective Action
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of an alternative social movement?

  • To achieve limited societal change across the entire society
  • To achieve radical societal change across the entire society
  • To achieve radical societal change
  • To achieve limited societal change within a specific group (correct)

    • Which type of social movement aims to bring about radical changes to the entire social structure?

  • Revolutionary social movement (correct)
  • Alternative social movement
  • Redemptive social movement
  • Reformative social movement

    • The Value Added Theory suggests that social movements gain significance through a series of incremental stages.

    True

    Which theory states that collective action arises when individuals with similar tendencies and ideas converge in the same place?

    <p>Convergence theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key distinction between crowd collective action and mass collective action?

    <p>Crowd collective action involves physical proximity, while mass collective action does not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main principle behind the social model of disability?

    <p>Disability is a product of societal attitudes, beliefs, and environmental barriers, not inherent impairments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The biomedical model of disability focuses on the individual's biological or medical impairments as the source of the disability.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term "sense of coherence" refer to in sociology?

    <p>A belief that life is predictable, meaningful, and manageable, contributing to resilience and self-efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central argument of Putnam's social capital theory?

    <p>The decline in civic engagement and social cohesion in the US has a negative impact on democracy and political participation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities is NOT considered a strong indicator of social capital?

    <p>Engaging in solitary hobbies like reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social exclusion can be defined as the process of isolating individuals or groups from societal benefits and normal interactions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic associated with post-2000 immigration in Canada?

    <p>Reduced linguistic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social cohesion is considered a crucial factor for maintaining good health.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of chronic stress on an individual's health?

    <p>Chronic stress leads to elevated cortisol levels, contributing to depression, high blood pressure, and weakened immune function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a social determinant of health?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cultural support theory propose regarding deviance?

    <p>Deviant behavior is learned through social interactions and cultural beliefs, making it more likely to occur in certain environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Status degradation refers to the formal process of assigning a deviant label to an individual.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of stigma is associated with visible or easily identifiable characteristics?

    <p>Discredited stigma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discreditable stigma refers to a stigma that can be concealed or hidden from others.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key concept behind labelling theory?

    <p>Deviance is a product of social labeling and the power dynamics that construct those labels. The labeling process can create or amplify deviance by stigmatizing the individual labeled as deviant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of deviance refers to the initial act of deviance that does not necessarily impact the individual's identity?

    <p>Primary Deviance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Secondary deviance refers to the adoption of a deviant identity as a result of being labeled as deviant.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key premise of Contemporary Critical Theory?

    <p>Power operates in all aspects of life, including through surveillance and self-surveillance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conflict theory holds that those in power define what is considered deviant and have the means to enforce social control.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Marx, why do workers and the unemployed lack commitment to the existing social order?

    <p>They perceive the social order as exploitative and unjust, leading to a lack of commitment and a sense of alienation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Broken Window theory suggests that crime is more likely to occur in areas where social controls are weak or broken down.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central argument of the General theory of crime?

    <p>Low self-control is a key factor contributing to both deviant and criminal behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following personality traits is NOT associated with low self-control?

    <p>Sensitivity to the needs of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Hirschi, which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to delinquency?

    <p>Strong commitment to conformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of deviance involves individuals who reject societal goals but also lack the means to achieve them, often resorting to drug use or withdrawal from society?

    <p>Retreatism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Strain theory argues that deviance increases when individuals are unable to achieve culturally defined goals through legitimate means.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Structural functionalism views crime and deviance as a result of anomie, a state of normlessness where traditional societal norms and values weaken during rapid social change.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Canada, homicides are more likely to involve victims who know their attacker and often involve drug-related issues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary purpose of prisons?

    <p>Restitution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Canada, men are significantly more likely to be involved in criminal activity than women.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There is a strong correlation between social inequality and crime rates.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT commonly cited as a possible explanation for the decline in criminal activity in recent years?

    <p>Increased access to healthcare services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A crime is defined by both the act itself and the criminal intent behind it.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary category of crime?

    <p>White-collar crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Social Movements and Collective Action

    • Alternative social movements seek limited change affecting a small group.
    • Redemptive social movements aim for radical change targeting particular groups.
    • Reformative social movements seek limited societal changes impacting everyone.
    • Revolutionary social movements aim to drastically restructure society.
    • Value-added theory explains social movements as a series of incremental stages toward success.
    • Emergent norm theory suggests new norms emerge in response to crises, driving collective action.
    • Contagion theory highlights the influence of others' behavior on collective action.
    • Convergence theory posits that shared beliefs and tendencies lead to collective action.
    • Crowd collective action occurs when people are physically together.
    • Mass collective action happens when people are united without physical proximity.
    • Collective action involves group behavior deviating from social norms.

    Disability and Social Inclusion

    • Social model of disability views societal factors as the source of disability.
    • Biomedical model attributes disability to individual impairments.
    • Lack of "Sense of Coherence" implies life's comprehensibility, predictability, and resources for support.

    Social Capital and Social Exclusion

    • Putnam's social capital theory links a decline in social engagement with decreased political participation.
    • Social capital represents the collective benefits of cooperation through trust, reciprocity, and mutual aid.
    • Social capital trends include having 3+ close friends, helping someone last month, and having diverse friendships.
    • Social exclusion involves a group's exclusion from typical social interaction and benefits.
    • Post-2000 immigration introduced diverse racial, linguistic, and religious groups, exacerbating social inequalities.

    Social Cohesion and Health

    • Social cohesion positively impacts health, while lack of it may lead to unhealthy coping mechanisms.
    • Chronic stress leads to higher cortisol levels, impacting mental health, blood pressure, and immunity.
    • Social determinants of health encompass factors like stress, social cohesion, social capital, sense of coherence, and the social model of disability.

    Deviance and Social Control

    • Cultural support theory (Cohen/Sutherland) links cultural beliefs and social learning to deviant behavior.
    • Status degradation rituals assign deviant status, like the courtroom trial.
    • Discredited stigma involves visible deviance (physical disability).
    • Discreditable stigma involves concealable deviance (mental illness).
    • Labeling theory highlights how labels impact deviant identities and amplify deviance.
    • Primary deviance is an initial act of deviance without identity change.
    • Secondary deviance is the adoption of a deviant identity.
    • Contemporary critical theory emphasizes how power influences surveillance.
    • Conflict theory argues that those in power define and control deviance.
    • Marx's view connects worker discontent with the exploitative nature of the social system.
    • Broken windows theory connects crime to weak social controls and rapid normalization of deviance.
    • General theory of crime links low self-control to criminal activity (selfishness, risk-taking, impulsiveness).
    • Hirschi's explanation for delinquency focuses on weak bonds to parents, conformity, involvement, and values.
    • Merton's strain theory explores deviance arising from limited legitimate paths to goals.
    • Structural functionalism links deviance to "anomie" (normlessness) during social change.

    Crime and Punishment

    • Homicide trends in Canada involve men, victims knowing perpetrators, and drug involvement.
    • Four general purposes of prison are retribution, incapacitation, deterrence, and rehabilitation.
    • Criminality demographics show male predominance, youthful involvement, racial/ethnic disparities, and class correlations.
    • Factors for declining criminal activity include aging population, increased surveillance, reduced lead in gasoline, and more.
    • Crime components are the act itself and criminal intent.
    • Crime types are violent, property, and victimless.

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    Description

    Explore the dynamics of social movements including their types and theories. This quiz covers alternative, redemptive, reformative, and revolutionary movements, alongside theories explaining collective action. Test your understanding of how these movements influence society and drive change.

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