Social Influence and Views on Homosexuality

Social influence, like minority influence, conformity, and obedience, can create social change. This occurs when people adopt new beliefs/behaviors due to group pressure, either from a minority group or a majority.

Informational social influence happens when people conform because they believe others have more accurate information, especially in ambiguous situations. This leads to genuine change in behavior and views.

Social support from others can lead to disobedience, a strong internal locus of control encourages people to act independently, proximity to the authority figure decreases obedience, and the lack of a legitimate authority figure weakens commands.

Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment aimed to study how adopting social roles affects behavior. 24 volunteers were assigned roles of guards and prisoners, and the experiment was terminated early due to ethical concerns.

The visuospatial sketchpad is a component of working memory responsible for holding and manipulating visual and spatial information. Its capacity is limited to around 3-4 items.

The episodic buffer integrates information from different working memory components, creating a time-ordered, multi-modal representation of events. It serves as a central coordinator within working memory.

Retroactive interference happens when new information interferes with the recall of older information. This is more pronounced when the content is similar, making it harder to distinguish between the two.

The multi-store model (MSM) suggests that information passes through different memory stores (sensory, short-term, long-term) for processing. However, the working memory model (WMM) provides a more detailed account of how working memory functions, highlighting the role of different components like the visuospatial sketchpad and the central executive.

Research shows that by 18 months, a significant majority (75%) of infants have formed an attachment with their fathers.

Fathers are often observed to encourage risk-taking behaviors in their children.

Fathers typically engage in more playful interactions, stimulating their children, while mothers are preferred for comfort during distress. Both roles are crucial for a child's well-being.

Harlow used rhesus monkeys to study attachment by offering two surrogate mothers: one made of wire and the other of cloth. Monkeys preferred the cloth mother, demonstrating the importance of comfort over basic needs.

Generalizing findings from animal studies to humans is problematic because humans have more complex brains and attachment behaviors.

This theory argues that forgetting occurs when the necessary cues for retrieving the memory are not available.

This study showed that participants recalled more words when tested in the same environment they learned them (either underwater or on land). This suggests that context acts as a cue for retrieval.

The idea that context-dependent memory effects are not significant in real-world situations because there are usually more cues available.

A type of memory that holds information for a short period of time (around 18 seconds) and has a limited capacity (around 7 items).

A type of memory that stores information for a longer period of time (potentially indefinitely) and has a vast capacity.

A research technique that involves manipulating variables in a controlled setting to isolate and measure their effects on behavior.

The extent to which the findings of a study can be generalized to other settings and populations.

The idea that early interaction between caregivers and infants is crucial for establishing secure attachments, which may contribute to the child's emotional and social development.