Social Identities: Minority Groups and Race
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Questions and Answers

What defines a minority group within a society?

  • A group with superior cultural practices
  • A group disadvantaged due to physical, ethnic, or cultural characteristics (correct)
  • A group with the most political representation
  • A group experiencing advantage and equity

    • Which of the following best describes ethnicity?

  • A classification based exclusively on language
  • A category based solely on skin color
  • A social identity linked to cultural and ancestral elements (correct)
  • A political affiliation of a group

    • What does coloniality refer to in the context of post-colonial societies?

  • The imposition of new laws by colonies
  • The complete end of traditional colonialism
  • The efforts of colonies to gain independence only
  • A mindset of subordination based on stereotypes and stigmas (correct)

    • How does the concept of 'newness' relate to americanity?

    <p>It presents a new worldview different from the old European structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does collective identity play in ethnicity?

    <p>It creates a communal understanding of identity and rank within society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following classifications corresponds to countries with an annual income of $12,476 or more per person?

    <p>High income</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which economic zone are countries primarily characterized by low incomes and largely agricultural economies?

    <p>Periphery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the dependency theory, poverty in low-income countries is primarily due to what factor?

    <p>Exploitation by wealthy countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first stage of economic growth in the modernization theory?

    <p>Traditional stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary economic classifications for middle-income countries?

    <p>Upper middle and lower middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the core economic zone in Wallerstein's world system theory?

    <p>Most advanced industrialized countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theories emphasizes that countries must adopt modern economic institutions to develop?

    <p>Modernization theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT a characteristic of low income countries?

    <p>Industrialized economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the latter part of the world system theory highlight about wealth distribution?

    <p>Wealthy countries exploit poorer countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding global inequality is accurate?

    <p>Wealthy countries have growing levels of poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does coloniality impact social stratification?

    <p>It promotes hierarchies and ranks among societies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of decoloniality?

    <p>It confronts and disengages from traditional colonial matrices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes patriarchy?

    <p>A society led by the oldest male with dominion over others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does intersectionality focus on?

    <p>The simultaneous influence of multiple group memberships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is biological essentialism?

    <p>The belief that gender differences are natural and inevitable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do liberal feminists advocate for?

    <p>Greater access to civil rights through legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is linked to gender role socialization?

    <p>Learning gender roles through various social factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is often considered toxic masculinity?

    <p>The social dictate that men must be unemotional and strong.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does radical feminism identify as the cause of gender inequality?

    <p>Male domination and patriarchal structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has racism evolved according to the content?

    <p>It is more theorized and institutionalized now.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do various feminist groups disagree on?

    <p>Strategies and focuses of their struggles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does decoloniality emphasize?

    <p>Recognition of historical power structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of ecofeminism?

    <p>Linking women's rights with ecological issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does meritocracy play in society's upward mobility?

    <p>It implies the best candidate will always succeed regardless of background.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Minority Group

    • A minority group is a social group in a society that faces disadvantage and inequity compared to the dominant group due to their physical, ethnic, or cultural attributes.

    Race

    • Race is a social category founded on the idea of inherent differences between people based on ancestry.
    • Examples: Black, White, Asian, Hispanic

    Ethnicity

    • Ethnicity is a social identity linked to ancestral and cultural background.
    • It's more complex than race, encompassing cultural values, norms, language, history, and religion that distinguish a group from others.
    • Examples: Mayan, Aztec, Caucasian, Hutu, Tutsi

    Americanity as a Concept

    • Americanity suggests a new world order distinct from the old European world.
    • It emphasises "newness".
    • Key aspects include colonialism, ethnicity, and racism.

    Coloniality

    • Coloniality refers to the continued socio-cultural hierarchy of European and non-European countries, even after formal colonialism ends.
    • It's a subordination mindset perpetuated by stigmas and stereotypes.
    • Independence doesn't automatically end coloniality.
    • Coloniality impacts knowledge, political economics, and continues to marginalize former colonies.

    Ethnicity

    • Ethnicity is a social identity imposed by others and self-defined, locating individuals within a state structure.
    • It creates collective identities.
    • Utilizes categorization to preserve existing hierarchies and justify colonial practices such as labor control (e.g., slavery, indentured labor).
    • It fosters social boundaries.

    Racism

    • Racism, implicit in ethnicity, has become more explicit and institutionalized in the modern era, especially after WWII.
    • The US, as a superpower, faces challenges concerning claims of racism and maintaining a model world status.
    • Meritocracy is questioned as a fair method for upward mobility.

    Decoloniality

    • Decoloniality is a response to coloniality, seeking to dismantle the colonial matrix of power.
    • It challenges the hierarchies and distorted knowledge systems stemming from coloniality.
    • Recognises that decolonization didn't eliminate colonialism but transformed it.

    Patriarchy

    • Patriarchy is a system where society is controlled by men.
    • This control extends into economic domains, production, and the environment.

    Intersectionality

    • Intersectionality highlights how multiple social identities (e.g., race, gender, class) shape individual experiences, beyond the impact of single identities alone.

    Sex vs. Gender vs. Sexuality

    • Sex refers to biological differences between males and females.
    • Gender refers to societal expectations associated with each sex.
    • Sexuality encompasses sexual behaviours, attractions, relationships, and identities.

    Gender Discrimination and Socialization

    • Gender discrimination is differential treatment based on gender.
    • Gender role socialization involves learning gender roles from family, education, and media.
    • Social role construction is the establishment of gender roles, reflecting prevailing power structures.
    • Hegemonic masculinity (toxic masculinity) emphasizes male strength, self-reliance, and unemotional traits as essential aspects of masculinity.

    Biological Essentialism

    • Biological essentialism is the belief that gender differences are innate and rooted in biology, influencing societal inequalities

    Feminism

    • Feminism is a sociological perspective focusing on gender's centrality and unique experiences.
    • Various types exist, including Liberal, Radical, and Ecofeminism – each with different approaches to gender disparity.

    Global Inequality

    • Global inequality encompasses systematic wealth and power disparities between countries.
    • Different methods (e.g., GDP) exist for comparing and evaluating standards of living across countries.
    • Countries are classified as high-income, upper-middle income, lower-middle income, or low-income based on average per capita incomes.

    Theories of Global Inequality

    • Market-oriented theory: Promotes free-market decisions with minimal government intervention as the path to economic prosperity.
    • Modernization theory: Advocates for adopting modern economic institutions and practices to foster economic growth.
    • Dependency theory: Argues that poverty in low-income countries results from exploitation by wealthy nations.
    • World-System Theory: Views the global economy as a single system with interconnected core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries, characterized by unequal exchange.

    World Systems Change

    • The world system is slowly changing to a more multipolar structure.
    • Although issues like hunger persist, their prevalence has decreased.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of minority groups, race, and ethnicity, examining how these social categories impact individuals and societies. Delve into the ideas of Americanity and coloniality, and understand their implications in contemporary contexts.

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