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Sociology Chapter 11: Race and Ethnicity

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Sociology Chapter 11: Race and Ethnicity

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Questions and Answers

What did Johann Friedrich Blumenbach propose in his race theory?

Race is a social construct with no genetic basis.

Humans can be categorized into three racial categories based on skin color.

Humans belong to five distinct racial categories based on geography and ancestry. (correct)

Race is a biologically meaningful term with clear genetic distinctions.

Which perspective considers race to be a sociocultural entity rather than a genetically distinct category?

Race is determined by the amount of melanin in the skin.

Race is a social construction based on perceived physiological differences. (correct)

Race is a result of evolutionary adaptations to different regions.

Race is a biological term with significant genetic implications.

How did certain immigrant groups from Europe like Jews, Italians, Greeks, Ukrainians, and Irish become 'White' in the 19th and early 20th century?

By identifying as 'White' on official government documents.

Because they evolved independently to have more melanin in their skin.

Through official and unofficial processes of social gatekeeping and assimilation. (correct)

Due to their skin pigmentation being similar to other 'White' groups.

Why is the relative darkness or fairness of skin considered a minor trait in the social construction of race?

Because it is an insignificant factor in determining health or intelligence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key variable in determining 'Whiteness' according to the text?

Social gatekeeping and civic assimilation processes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between race and ethnicity?

Race refers to superficial physical differences, while ethnicity refers to shared culture. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes minorities that have difficulty expressing an identity imposed by a dominant culture?

Subaltern groups Signup and view all the answers

How has the concept of race evolved over time?

It has become less associated with geographic regions and ethnicities. Signup and view all the answers

What do sociologists consider when defining the idea of race?

Skin colour only Signup and view all the answers

What is a minority group according to sociological understanding?

A group lacking power in society regardless of skin colour or culture of origin. Signup and view all the answers