30 Questions
What is the duality of the self according to William James?
Known ("Me") and Knower ("I")
What is the primary function of the self related to self-esteem according to Higgins?
Emotional Function
What do self-schemas refer to?
Beliefs about oneself that guide processing of self-relevant information
What is the Unrealistic Optimism bias related to?
Overestimating the likelihood of good things and underestimating the likelihood of bad things
What does the False Consensus phenomenon involve?
Overestimating the commonality of one's own opinions and beliefs
What is the cultural perspective of the Belief in Just World phenomenon?
Bad things happen to bad people and good things happen to good people
What is the topic of the lecture in Week 2?
Social Cognition
What is the topic of the tutorial in Week 3?
Op-Ed Part I
What is the content of the lecture in Week 4?
Social Perception II – Self Cont’d & Attitudes
What is covered in the lecture titled 'Social Perception I – Self & Others'?
Understanding how individuals perceive themselves and others
What is the focus of the lecture titled 'Social Perception II – Self Cont’d & Attitudes'?
Continuation of understanding self-perception and attitudes
What is the main topic of the tutorial in Week 3?
Op-Ed Part I
What are the ABC's of social psychology?
Affect, Behavior, and Cognition
Which lecture topic covers the exploration of social information in speech perception?
Language and social interaction
What is the fundamental motive for perceiving and distorting the social world according to the text?
The need to maintain positive self-regard and belong
What does the lecture on attitudes and influence cover?
Persuasion
What is the distinct focus of social psychology according to the text?
How individuals are affected by the actual, imagined, or symbolically represented presence of others
What does the social psychological approach merge to understand and change behavior?
Affect, Behavior, and Cognition
What is the discounting principle?
Putting less weight on causes with more potential causes
According to Weiner's multidimensional approach, what are the dimensions of attributions?
Locus, stability, and controllability
What is the fundamental attribution error (FAE)?
Overestimating the impact of dispositional factors
What is the actor/observer effect?
Tendency to attribute one's own behavior to dispositional factors and others' behavior to situational factors
What is the dual process model of FAE?
It suggests that alternative explanations may be considered if given time, energy, and motivation
What are causal schemas?
Theories built from experience about how causes interact to produce a specific effect
What are heuristics?
Mental shortcuts used in problem-solving and decision-making
What is the false-consensus effect related to?
Casual attribution
What guides attention, memory reconstruction, and interpretation based on accessibility?
Schemas
Which common heuristic category can lead to errors in judgment and decision-making?
Representativeness
What are central social motives that shape people's construals, thoughts, emotions, behavior, and relationships in everyday life?
Belonging, understanding others, control, self-enhancement, and trust
Which fundamental social motive is essential for survival and impacts how people navigate the world and form meaningful connections with others?
Trust
Study Notes
Social Cognition and Heuristics in Everyday Life
- Social cognition involves how people think about themselves and the social world, including automatic and controlled thinking processes.
- People rely on schemas, inferred knowledge structures, to organize their knowledge and impressions of others, themselves, social roles, and events.
- Schemas guide attention, reconstruct memory, inference, and interpretation, and determine which schemas are applied based on accessibility, chronic or temporary.
- Heuristics are mental shortcuts that guide problem-solving and decision-making, often used in automatic processing when people lack time, are overloaded with information, or the issues are not very important.
- Common heuristic categories include representativeness, availability, anchoring & adjustment, and affect, which can lead to errors in judgment and decision-making.
- Issues related to heuristics include the false-consensus effect, base-rate fallacy, overconfidence, and counterfactual thinking, which can impact how people perceive and evaluate information and situations.
- Controlled social cognition involves conscious, intentional, voluntary, and effortful mental processes, including mental control and thought suppression.
- Casual attribution refers to the process of determining the causes of behavior, which can be influenced by various cognitive and social factors.
- Central social motives, such as belonging, understanding others, control, self-enhancement, and trust, shape people's construals, thoughts, emotions, behavior, and relationships in everyday life.
- Belonging, understanding others, control, self-enhancement, and trust are essential social motives that impact people's experiences and interactions with others.
- The more isolated individuals feel, the greater the impact on their experiences, highlighting the importance of social connection and belonging in shaping perceptions and behaviors.
- Trust is a fundamental social motive that is essential for survival and impacts how people navigate the world and form meaningful connections with others.
Test your knowledge of social cognition and heuristics in everyday life with this quiz. Explore concepts such as schemas, heuristics, casual attribution, and central social motives, and understand how they influence our perceptions and interactions with others.
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